CodeClash: Benchmarking Goal-Oriented Software Engineering

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, John, Lieret, Kilian, Yang, Joyce, Jimenez, Carlos E., Oblokulov, Muhtasham, Siddiqui, Aryan, Press, Ofir, Schmidt, Ludwig, Yang, Diyi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yang, John
Lieret, Kilian
Yang, Joyce
Jimenez, Carlos E.
Oblokulov, Muhtasham
Siddiqui, Aryan
Press, Ofir
Schmidt, Ludwig
Yang, Diyi
author_facet Yang, John
Lieret, Kilian
Yang, Joyce
Jimenez, Carlos E.
Oblokulov, Muhtasham
Siddiqui, Aryan
Press, Ofir
Schmidt, Ludwig
Yang, Diyi
contents Current benchmarks for coding evaluate language models (LMs) on concrete, well-specified tasks such as fixing specific bugs or writing targeted tests. However, human programmers do not spend all day incessantly addressing isolated tasks. Instead, real-world software development is grounded in the pursuit of high-level goals, like improving user retention or reducing costs. Evaluating whether LMs can also iteratively develop code to better accomplish open-ended objectives without any explicit guidance remains an open challenge. To address this, we introduce CodeClash, a benchmark where LMs compete in multi-round tournaments to build the best codebase for achieving a competitive objective. Each round proceeds in two phases: agents edit their code, then their codebases compete head-to-head in a code arena that determines winners based on objectives like score maximization, resource acquisition, or survival. Whether it's writing notes, scrutinizing documentation, analyzing competition logs, or creating test suites, models must decide for themselves how to improve their codebases both absolutely and against their opponents. We run 1680 tournaments (25,200 rounds total) to evaluate 8 LMs across 6 arenas. Our results reveal that while models exhibit diverse development styles, they share fundamental limitations in strategic reasoning. Models also struggle with long-term codebase maintenance, as repositories become progressively messy and redundant. These limitations are stark: top models lose every round against expert human programmers. We open-source CodeClash to advance the study of autonomous, goal-oriented code development.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_00839
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CodeClash: Benchmarking Goal-Oriented Software Engineering
Yang, John
Lieret, Kilian
Yang, Joyce
Jimenez, Carlos E.
Oblokulov, Muhtasham
Siddiqui, Aryan
Press, Ofir
Schmidt, Ludwig
Yang, Diyi
Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
Current benchmarks for coding evaluate language models (LMs) on concrete, well-specified tasks such as fixing specific bugs or writing targeted tests. However, human programmers do not spend all day incessantly addressing isolated tasks. Instead, real-world software development is grounded in the pursuit of high-level goals, like improving user retention or reducing costs. Evaluating whether LMs can also iteratively develop code to better accomplish open-ended objectives without any explicit guidance remains an open challenge. To address this, we introduce CodeClash, a benchmark where LMs compete in multi-round tournaments to build the best codebase for achieving a competitive objective. Each round proceeds in two phases: agents edit their code, then their codebases compete head-to-head in a code arena that determines winners based on objectives like score maximization, resource acquisition, or survival. Whether it's writing notes, scrutinizing documentation, analyzing competition logs, or creating test suites, models must decide for themselves how to improve their codebases both absolutely and against their opponents. We run 1680 tournaments (25,200 rounds total) to evaluate 8 LMs across 6 arenas. Our results reveal that while models exhibit diverse development styles, they share fundamental limitations in strategic reasoning. Models also struggle with long-term codebase maintenance, as repositories become progressively messy and redundant. These limitations are stark: top models lose every round against expert human programmers. We open-source CodeClash to advance the study of autonomous, goal-oriented code development.
title CodeClash: Benchmarking Goal-Oriented Software Engineering
topic Software Engineering
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00839