The ALMA-QUARKS survey: Hot Molecular Cores are a long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars
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2025
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| author | Meng, Dezhao Liu, Tie Esimbek, Jarken Qin, Sheng-Li Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Zhou, Jianjun Tang, Xindi Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Yan-Kun Xu, Fengwei Zhang, Siju Tej, Anandmayee Bronfman, Leonardo Yang, Aiyuan Dib, Sami Das, Swagat R. Hwang, Jihye Soam, Archana Qiu, Yisheng Li, Dalei He, Yuxin Wu, Gang Dewangan, Lokesh Chibueze, James O. García, Pablo Gorai, Prasanta Bhadari, Naval Kishor Zhang, Yong Sanhueza, Patricio Luo, Yongquan Zou, Jia-Hang Kim, Kee-Tae Yang, Dongting Zhu, Lei Liu, Xunchuan Gordon, Macleod |
| author_facet | Meng, Dezhao Liu, Tie Esimbek, Jarken Qin, Sheng-Li Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Zhou, Jianjun Tang, Xindi Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Yan-Kun Xu, Fengwei Zhang, Siju Tej, Anandmayee Bronfman, Leonardo Yang, Aiyuan Dib, Sami Das, Swagat R. Hwang, Jihye Soam, Archana Qiu, Yisheng Li, Dalei He, Yuxin Wu, Gang Dewangan, Lokesh Chibueze, James O. García, Pablo Gorai, Prasanta Bhadari, Naval Kishor Zhang, Yong Sanhueza, Patricio Luo, Yongquan Zou, Jia-Hang Kim, Kee-Tae Yang, Dongting Zhu, Lei Liu, Xunchuan Gordon, Macleod |
| contents | We present an analysis of the QUARKS survey sample, focusing on protoclusters where Hot Molecular Cores (HMCs, traced by CH3CN(12--11)) and UC HII regions (traced by H30α/H40α) coexist. Using the high-resolution, high-sensitivity 1.3 mm data from the QUARKS survey, we identify 125 Hot Molecular Fragments (HMFs), which represent the substructures of HMCs at higher resolution. From line integrated intensity maps of CH3CN(12--11) and H30α, we resolve the spatial distribution of HMFs and UC HII regions. By combining with observations of CO outflows and 1.3 mm continuum, we classify HMFs into four types: HMFs associated with jet-like outflow, with wide-angle outflow, with non-detectable outflow, and shell-like HMFs near UC HII regions. This diversity possibly indicates that the hot core could be polymorphic and long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars. The separation between HMFs and H30α/H40αemission suggests that sequential high-mass star formation within young protoclusters is not likely related to feedback mechanisms. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_01285 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The ALMA-QUARKS survey: Hot Molecular Cores are a long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars Meng, Dezhao Liu, Tie Esimbek, Jarken Qin, Sheng-Li Garay, Guido Goldsmith, Paul F. Zhou, Jianjun Tang, Xindi Jiao, Wenyu Zhang, Yan-Kun Xu, Fengwei Zhang, Siju Tej, Anandmayee Bronfman, Leonardo Yang, Aiyuan Dib, Sami Das, Swagat R. Hwang, Jihye Soam, Archana Qiu, Yisheng Li, Dalei He, Yuxin Wu, Gang Dewangan, Lokesh Chibueze, James O. García, Pablo Gorai, Prasanta Bhadari, Naval Kishor Zhang, Yong Sanhueza, Patricio Luo, Yongquan Zou, Jia-Hang Kim, Kee-Tae Yang, Dongting Zhu, Lei Liu, Xunchuan Gordon, Macleod Astrophysics of Galaxies We present an analysis of the QUARKS survey sample, focusing on protoclusters where Hot Molecular Cores (HMCs, traced by CH3CN(12--11)) and UC HII regions (traced by H30α/H40α) coexist. Using the high-resolution, high-sensitivity 1.3 mm data from the QUARKS survey, we identify 125 Hot Molecular Fragments (HMFs), which represent the substructures of HMCs at higher resolution. From line integrated intensity maps of CH3CN(12--11) and H30α, we resolve the spatial distribution of HMFs and UC HII regions. By combining with observations of CO outflows and 1.3 mm continuum, we classify HMFs into four types: HMFs associated with jet-like outflow, with wide-angle outflow, with non-detectable outflow, and shell-like HMFs near UC HII regions. This diversity possibly indicates that the hot core could be polymorphic and long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars. The separation between HMFs and H30α/H40αemission suggests that sequential high-mass star formation within young protoclusters is not likely related to feedback mechanisms. |
| title | The ALMA-QUARKS survey: Hot Molecular Cores are a long-standing phenomenon in the evolution of massive protostars |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01285 |