Online Continual Learning on Intel Loihi 2 via a Co-designed Spiking Neural Network

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hajizada, Elvin, Rager, Danielle, Shea, Timothy, Campos-Macias, Leobardo, Wild, Andreas, Hüllermeier, Eyke, Sandamirskaya, Yulia, Davies, Mike
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hajizada, Elvin
Rager, Danielle
Shea, Timothy
Campos-Macias, Leobardo
Wild, Andreas
Hüllermeier, Eyke
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Davies, Mike
author_facet Hajizada, Elvin
Rager, Danielle
Shea, Timothy
Campos-Macias, Leobardo
Wild, Andreas
Hüllermeier, Eyke
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Davies, Mike
contents AI systems on edge devices require online continual learning -- adapting to non-stationary streams and unfamiliar classes without catastrophic forgetting -- under strict power constraints. We present CLP-SNN, a spiking neural network with a self-normalizing local learning rule and a spike-driven neural state machine for autonomous on-chip learning, implemented on Intel's Loihi 2 neuromorphic processor. On OpenLORIS few-shot experiments, CLP-SNN matches replay-based accuracy rehearsal-free. On Loihi 2, CLP-SNN achieves 113x lower latency (0.33 ms vs. 37.3 ms) and 6,600x lower energy (0.05 mJ vs. 333 mJ) than the strongest edge-GPU baseline. This gain decomposes into algorithmic efficiency (~14.5x latency, ~22.6x energy on the same GPU) and neuromorphic hardware co-design (~7.8x latency, ~295x energy) exploiting event-driven learning and sparse graded-spike communication. We show that co-designed brain-inspired algorithms and neuromorphic hardware can break traditional accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in edge AI.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_01553
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Online Continual Learning on Intel Loihi 2 via a Co-designed Spiking Neural Network
Hajizada, Elvin
Rager, Danielle
Shea, Timothy
Campos-Macias, Leobardo
Wild, Andreas
Hüllermeier, Eyke
Sandamirskaya, Yulia
Davies, Mike
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
AI systems on edge devices require online continual learning -- adapting to non-stationary streams and unfamiliar classes without catastrophic forgetting -- under strict power constraints. We present CLP-SNN, a spiking neural network with a self-normalizing local learning rule and a spike-driven neural state machine for autonomous on-chip learning, implemented on Intel's Loihi 2 neuromorphic processor. On OpenLORIS few-shot experiments, CLP-SNN matches replay-based accuracy rehearsal-free. On Loihi 2, CLP-SNN achieves 113x lower latency (0.33 ms vs. 37.3 ms) and 6,600x lower energy (0.05 mJ vs. 333 mJ) than the strongest edge-GPU baseline. This gain decomposes into algorithmic efficiency (~14.5x latency, ~22.6x energy on the same GPU) and neuromorphic hardware co-design (~7.8x latency, ~295x energy) exploiting event-driven learning and sparse graded-spike communication. We show that co-designed brain-inspired algorithms and neuromorphic hardware can break traditional accuracy-efficiency trade-offs in edge AI.
title Online Continual Learning on Intel Loihi 2 via a Co-designed Spiking Neural Network
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01553