Wave climate on the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan: Perspectives from wave directionality

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Lu, Boyuan, Wang, Wei, Wu, Chin, Liu, Yuli
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Lu, Boyuan
Wang, Wei
Wu, Chin
Liu, Yuli
author_facet Lu, Boyuan
Wang, Wei
Wu, Chin
Liu, Yuli
contents Wave directionality plays a critical role in shaping coastal conditions and influencing local livelihoods, underscoring the importance of conducting detailed analyses. This study examines directional wave climate along the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan from 1979 to 2023 using the Directional Wave Entropy (DWE). Directionality was characterized in terms of inter-annual trends, monthly patterns, spatial variation, and extreme wave conditions. Overall, results exhibited a strong bi-directionality, with dominant northern and southern wave systems along the coast of our study site. A few annual trends for the inter-annual wave climate were observed, and there is a clear seasonal variation such that bi-directionality increases in the summer and winter seasons. As for spatial variation of wave directionality, all locations in the study sites presented a bi-directional wave climate. The two dominant directions of wave directionality: northern and southern mean significant wave heights were also characterized in all locations of study sites as 0.566 and 0.563 meters. Furthermore, the extreme wave heights in the northern direction are significantly greater than the extreme waves in the southern direction. In summary, these findings suggest the importance of wave directionality on coastal structural design and coastal morphology management along the coast of our study site.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_01681
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Wave climate on the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan: Perspectives from wave directionality
Lu, Boyuan
Wang, Wei
Wu, Chin
Liu, Yuli
Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Geophysics
Wave directionality plays a critical role in shaping coastal conditions and influencing local livelihoods, underscoring the importance of conducting detailed analyses. This study examines directional wave climate along the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan from 1979 to 2023 using the Directional Wave Entropy (DWE). Directionality was characterized in terms of inter-annual trends, monthly patterns, spatial variation, and extreme wave conditions. Overall, results exhibited a strong bi-directionality, with dominant northern and southern wave systems along the coast of our study site. A few annual trends for the inter-annual wave climate were observed, and there is a clear seasonal variation such that bi-directionality increases in the summer and winter seasons. As for spatial variation of wave directionality, all locations in the study sites presented a bi-directional wave climate. The two dominant directions of wave directionality: northern and southern mean significant wave heights were also characterized in all locations of study sites as 0.566 and 0.563 meters. Furthermore, the extreme wave heights in the northern direction are significantly greater than the extreme waves in the southern direction. In summary, these findings suggest the importance of wave directionality on coastal structural design and coastal morphology management along the coast of our study site.
title Wave climate on the southwestern coast of Lake Michigan: Perspectives from wave directionality
topic Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Geophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01681