Dynamical Dark Energy from a Massive Vector Field in Generalized Proca Theory
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arXiv
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2025
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| author | Savaliya, Abhi |
| author_facet | Savaliya, Abhi |
| contents | In this paper, we emphasise the recent observational findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 2 (DESI DR2), which provide compelling evidence for a possible deviation from the standard $Λ$CDM (Cold Dark Matter) cosmology, suggesting the presence of a dynamically evolving effective dark energy component. Motivated by this, we construct a theoretical framework in which a massive cosmological vector field, $B^μ$, couples non-minimally to the background curvature through marginal interactions, offering a controlled mechanism to realise the deviation from the $Λ$CDM model. A detailed analysis of the effective Equation of State (EoS) parameter $w(\tilde H)$ reveals a narrow region of parameter space consistent with current cosmological observations presented by DESI. The analysis yields a stringent upper bound for the coupling constant $λ$ to be $λ<2.98\times10^{-11}$, a very strong bound on mass $3.1356\times10^{-66}~\text{g} \leq m \leq 3.3627\times10^{-66}~\text{g},$ and the admissible range $-0.405 \leq \log_{10}\tildeγ\leq -0.38$ for which present-day value $w_0 = w(\tilde H = 1)$ corresponding to a deviation $δ= w_0 + 1$ that lies within the region $0.107 \leq δ\leq 0.217$. This interval reproduces the deviation inferred from the combined DESI, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and Pantheon+ data, reflecting a controlled departure from the $Λ$CDM behaviour. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed framework of a massive vector field can account for the departure from $Λ$CDM behaviour highlighted by DESI in the current cosmic acceleration. Furthermore, the framework approaches the $Λ$CDM behaviour in late-time $t\gtrsim28$ Gyr, establishing a direct phenomenological link between the underlying parameters and the observed dynamical nature of dark energy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_01700 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Dynamical Dark Energy from a Massive Vector Field in Generalized Proca Theory Savaliya, Abhi Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory In this paper, we emphasise the recent observational findings from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Data Release 2 (DESI DR2), which provide compelling evidence for a possible deviation from the standard $Λ$CDM (Cold Dark Matter) cosmology, suggesting the presence of a dynamically evolving effective dark energy component. Motivated by this, we construct a theoretical framework in which a massive cosmological vector field, $B^μ$, couples non-minimally to the background curvature through marginal interactions, offering a controlled mechanism to realise the deviation from the $Λ$CDM model. A detailed analysis of the effective Equation of State (EoS) parameter $w(\tilde H)$ reveals a narrow region of parameter space consistent with current cosmological observations presented by DESI. The analysis yields a stringent upper bound for the coupling constant $λ$ to be $λ<2.98\times10^{-11}$, a very strong bound on mass $3.1356\times10^{-66}~\text{g} \leq m \leq 3.3627\times10^{-66}~\text{g},$ and the admissible range $-0.405 \leq \log_{10}\tildeγ\leq -0.38$ for which present-day value $w_0 = w(\tilde H = 1)$ corresponding to a deviation $δ= w_0 + 1$ that lies within the region $0.107 \leq δ\leq 0.217$. This interval reproduces the deviation inferred from the combined DESI, Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and Pantheon+ data, reflecting a controlled departure from the $Λ$CDM behaviour. In summary, the results suggest that the proposed framework of a massive vector field can account for the departure from $Λ$CDM behaviour highlighted by DESI in the current cosmic acceleration. Furthermore, the framework approaches the $Λ$CDM behaviour in late-time $t\gtrsim28$ Gyr, establishing a direct phenomenological link between the underlying parameters and the observed dynamical nature of dark energy. |
| title | Dynamical Dark Energy from a Massive Vector Field in Generalized Proca Theory |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.01700 |