The nature of ASASSN-24fw's occultation: modelling the event as dimming by optically thick rings around a sub-stellar companion

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Main Authors: Shah, Sarang, Marshall, Jonathan P., del Burgo, Carlos, Hajdu, Gergely, Rebollido, Isabel, Pilecki, Bogumił, Mahabal, Ashish, Kasliwal, Mansi M., Karambelkar, Viraj, Graham, Matthew J., Djorgovski, Stanislav G., Stern, Daniel, Zeegers, Sascha T., Reddy, Bacham Eswar, Kemper, Ciska
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Shah, Sarang
Marshall, Jonathan P.
del Burgo, Carlos
Hajdu, Gergely
Rebollido, Isabel
Pilecki, Bogumił
Mahabal, Ashish
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Karambelkar, Viraj
Graham, Matthew J.
Djorgovski, Stanislav G.
Stern, Daniel
Zeegers, Sascha T.
Reddy, Bacham Eswar
Kemper, Ciska
author_facet Shah, Sarang
Marshall, Jonathan P.
del Burgo, Carlos
Hajdu, Gergely
Rebollido, Isabel
Pilecki, Bogumił
Mahabal, Ashish
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Karambelkar, Viraj
Graham, Matthew J.
Djorgovski, Stanislav G.
Stern, Daniel
Zeegers, Sascha T.
Reddy, Bacham Eswar
Kemper, Ciska
contents ASASSN-24fw is a main-sequence F-type star that experienced a rapid and long-lasting dimming event beginning in late 2024 and continuing until mid 2025. Its pre-dimming spectral energy distribution shows a persistent infrared excess with a fractional luminosity of approximately 0.5 percent. We model this excess using a two-component blackbody fit and find dust components with temperatures of about 1070 K and 390 K. Archival light curves indicate that ASASSN-24fw was photometrically stable prior to the event, suggesting that the dimming is caused by an external occulting body rather than intrinsic stellar variability. The event lasted about 275 days and exhibits a distinctive flat-bottomed profile of nearly 200 days, unlike most long-duration occultation events reported in the last decade. We analyze the light curve and spectra obtained during dimming to study the properties of both the star and the occulting material. A parametric light-curve model reveals multiple ingress phases, consistent with variations in the density and structure of the obscuring material. A second transit model favors an occulting body consistent with a gas giant or brown dwarf with a minimum mass of about 3.4 Jupiter masses and surrounded by an extended circumplanetary disk or rings of radius roughly 0.17 au. Near-infrared spectra taken during dimming show enhanced infrared excess and spectral features consistent with a late-type companion, approximately M8. We also detect variable H-alpha emission, suggesting evolving gas and dust in the occulting structure. Imaging from LCOGT identifies a nearby object within 3 arcsec, likely a bound companion at a projected separation of about 3000 au. Systems like ASASSN-24fw appear rare, and continued follow-up will help constrain the nature of the occulting body and the circumstellar environment.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_02581
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The nature of ASASSN-24fw's occultation: modelling the event as dimming by optically thick rings around a sub-stellar companion
Shah, Sarang
Marshall, Jonathan P.
del Burgo, Carlos
Hajdu, Gergely
Rebollido, Isabel
Pilecki, Bogumił
Mahabal, Ashish
Kasliwal, Mansi M.
Karambelkar, Viraj
Graham, Matthew J.
Djorgovski, Stanislav G.
Stern, Daniel
Zeegers, Sascha T.
Reddy, Bacham Eswar
Kemper, Ciska
Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
ASASSN-24fw is a main-sequence F-type star that experienced a rapid and long-lasting dimming event beginning in late 2024 and continuing until mid 2025. Its pre-dimming spectral energy distribution shows a persistent infrared excess with a fractional luminosity of approximately 0.5 percent. We model this excess using a two-component blackbody fit and find dust components with temperatures of about 1070 K and 390 K. Archival light curves indicate that ASASSN-24fw was photometrically stable prior to the event, suggesting that the dimming is caused by an external occulting body rather than intrinsic stellar variability. The event lasted about 275 days and exhibits a distinctive flat-bottomed profile of nearly 200 days, unlike most long-duration occultation events reported in the last decade. We analyze the light curve and spectra obtained during dimming to study the properties of both the star and the occulting material. A parametric light-curve model reveals multiple ingress phases, consistent with variations in the density and structure of the obscuring material. A second transit model favors an occulting body consistent with a gas giant or brown dwarf with a minimum mass of about 3.4 Jupiter masses and surrounded by an extended circumplanetary disk or rings of radius roughly 0.17 au. Near-infrared spectra taken during dimming show enhanced infrared excess and spectral features consistent with a late-type companion, approximately M8. We also detect variable H-alpha emission, suggesting evolving gas and dust in the occulting structure. Imaging from LCOGT identifies a nearby object within 3 arcsec, likely a bound companion at a projected separation of about 3000 au. Systems like ASASSN-24fw appear rare, and continued follow-up will help constrain the nature of the occulting body and the circumstellar environment.
title The nature of ASASSN-24fw's occultation: modelling the event as dimming by optically thick rings around a sub-stellar companion
topic Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02581