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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Sujets: | |
| Accès en ligne: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02902 |
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| _version_ | 1866912688203890688 |
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| author | Bosman, Sarah E. I. Álvarez-Márquez, Javier Davies, Frederick B. Protušová, Klaudia Hennawi, Joseph F. Yang, Jinyi Spina, Benedetta Colina, Luis Fan, Xiaohui Östlin, Göran Walter, Fabian Wang, Feige Ward, Martin Herrero, Almudena Alonso Barth, Aaron J. Belladitta, Silvia Boogaard, Leindert Caputi, Karina I. Connor, Thomas Ďurovčíková, Dominika Eilers, Anna-Christina Gómez, Alejandro Crespo Hjorth, Jens Jun, Hyunsung D. Langeroodi, Danial Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Mazzucchelli, Chiara Pye, John P. Rinaldi, Pierluigi van der Werf, Paul Volonteri, Marta |
| author_facet | Bosman, Sarah E. I. Álvarez-Márquez, Javier Davies, Frederick B. Protušová, Klaudia Hennawi, Joseph F. Yang, Jinyi Spina, Benedetta Colina, Luis Fan, Xiaohui Östlin, Göran Walter, Fabian Wang, Feige Ward, Martin Herrero, Almudena Alonso Barth, Aaron J. Belladitta, Silvia Boogaard, Leindert Caputi, Karina I. Connor, Thomas Ďurovčíková, Dominika Eilers, Anna-Christina Gómez, Alejandro Crespo Hjorth, Jens Jun, Hyunsung D. Langeroodi, Danial Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Mazzucchelli, Chiara Pye, John P. Rinaldi, Pierluigi van der Werf, Paul Volonteri, Marta |
| contents | The presence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs, $M_\text{BH}\sim10^9 M_\odot$) at $z>7$ remains a puzzle. While their existence appears to require exotic formation or growth processes, it is possible that BH mass estimates are incorrect due to differences from the low-$z$ quasars where BH mass scaling relations are calibrated. In this work, we employ JWST MIRI-MRS spectroscopy to measure the rest-frame optical/IR properties of the four highest-redshift known luminous type-1 quasars at $7.08\leq z<7.64$. We use three new broad lines to measure updated BH masses, H$α$, Pa$α$ and Pa$β$, finding them to be in the range $(4-15)\cdot10^8 M_\odot$. Our black hole mass estimates from all tracers agree with each other and with previous, less accurate, ground-based measurements based on MgII. The flux ratios of the H lines deviate from expectations for case A and B recombination in the same way as in $z<3$ quasars, indicating similar physical conditions in the Broad Line Region. Rest-frame near-IR continuum emission from a hot dusty torus surrounding the accretion disc is unambiguously detected in all four objects. We model the emission with SKIRTOR and constrain the inclination (face-on) and the opening angle ($θ=40-60^\circ$) of the tori. These constraints are consistent for the four objects and with expectations from luminous quasars. We estimate a total dust mass $(1-4)\cdot10^6 M_\odot$ in the tori, corresponding to $(0.2-7)\%$ of the total dust in the quasar host galaxies. Given observed accretion rates, these SMBHs will deplete their tori in only $\sim5$ Myr. Overall, we confirm that $z>7$ SMBHs in quasars could not have grown from stellar-remnant BHs if the radiative efficiency of accretion is $10\%$. We also find no evidence that inferred BH masses and accretion processes in $z>7$ quasars differ significantly from their near-identical counterparts at $z<3$. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_02902 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A close look at the black hole masses and hot dusty toruses of the first quasars with MIRI-MRS Bosman, Sarah E. I. Álvarez-Márquez, Javier Davies, Frederick B. Protušová, Klaudia Hennawi, Joseph F. Yang, Jinyi Spina, Benedetta Colina, Luis Fan, Xiaohui Östlin, Göran Walter, Fabian Wang, Feige Ward, Martin Herrero, Almudena Alonso Barth, Aaron J. Belladitta, Silvia Boogaard, Leindert Caputi, Karina I. Connor, Thomas Ďurovčíková, Dominika Eilers, Anna-Christina Gómez, Alejandro Crespo Hjorth, Jens Jun, Hyunsung D. Langeroodi, Danial Liu, Weizhe Lupi, Alessandro Mazzucchelli, Chiara Pye, John P. Rinaldi, Pierluigi van der Werf, Paul Volonteri, Marta Astrophysics of Galaxies The presence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs, $M_\text{BH}\sim10^9 M_\odot$) at $z>7$ remains a puzzle. While their existence appears to require exotic formation or growth processes, it is possible that BH mass estimates are incorrect due to differences from the low-$z$ quasars where BH mass scaling relations are calibrated. In this work, we employ JWST MIRI-MRS spectroscopy to measure the rest-frame optical/IR properties of the four highest-redshift known luminous type-1 quasars at $7.08\leq z<7.64$. We use three new broad lines to measure updated BH masses, H$α$, Pa$α$ and Pa$β$, finding them to be in the range $(4-15)\cdot10^8 M_\odot$. Our black hole mass estimates from all tracers agree with each other and with previous, less accurate, ground-based measurements based on MgII. The flux ratios of the H lines deviate from expectations for case A and B recombination in the same way as in $z<3$ quasars, indicating similar physical conditions in the Broad Line Region. Rest-frame near-IR continuum emission from a hot dusty torus surrounding the accretion disc is unambiguously detected in all four objects. We model the emission with SKIRTOR and constrain the inclination (face-on) and the opening angle ($θ=40-60^\circ$) of the tori. These constraints are consistent for the four objects and with expectations from luminous quasars. We estimate a total dust mass $(1-4)\cdot10^6 M_\odot$ in the tori, corresponding to $(0.2-7)\%$ of the total dust in the quasar host galaxies. Given observed accretion rates, these SMBHs will deplete their tori in only $\sim5$ Myr. Overall, we confirm that $z>7$ SMBHs in quasars could not have grown from stellar-remnant BHs if the radiative efficiency of accretion is $10\%$. We also find no evidence that inferred BH masses and accretion processes in $z>7$ quasars differ significantly from their near-identical counterparts at $z<3$. |
| title | A close look at the black hole masses and hot dusty toruses of the first quasars with MIRI-MRS |
| topic | Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.02902 |