Diffusion-SDPO: Safeguarded Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Fu, Minghao, Wang, Guo-Hua, Cui, Tianyu, Chen, Qing-Guo, Xu, Zhao, Luo, Weihua, Zhang, Kaifu
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Fu, Minghao
Wang, Guo-Hua
Cui, Tianyu
Chen, Qing-Guo
Xu, Zhao
Luo, Weihua
Zhang, Kaifu
author_facet Fu, Minghao
Wang, Guo-Hua
Cui, Tianyu
Chen, Qing-Guo
Xu, Zhao
Luo, Weihua
Zhang, Kaifu
contents Text-to-image diffusion models deliver high-quality images, yet aligning them with human preferences remains challenging. We revisit diffusion-based Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) for these models and identify a critical pathology: enlarging the preference margin does not necessarily improve generation quality. In particular, the standard Diffusion-DPO objective can increase the reconstruction error of both winner and loser branches. Consequently, degradation of the less-preferred outputs can become sufficiently severe that the preferred branch is also adversely affected even as the margin grows. To address this, we introduce Diffusion-SDPO, a safeguarded update rule that preserves the winner by adaptively scaling the loser gradient according to its alignment with the winner gradient. A first-order analysis yields a closed-form scaling coefficient that guarantees the error of the preferred output is non-increasing at each optimization step. Our method is simple, model-agnostic, broadly compatible with existing DPO-style alignment frameworks and adds only marginal computational overhead. Across standard text-to-image benchmarks, Diffusion-SDPO delivers consistent gains over preference-learning baselines on automated preference, aesthetic, and prompt alignment metrics. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/AIDC-AI/Diffusion-SDPO.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03317
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Diffusion-SDPO: Safeguarded Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion Models
Fu, Minghao
Wang, Guo-Hua
Cui, Tianyu
Chen, Qing-Guo
Xu, Zhao
Luo, Weihua
Zhang, Kaifu
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Text-to-image diffusion models deliver high-quality images, yet aligning them with human preferences remains challenging. We revisit diffusion-based Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) for these models and identify a critical pathology: enlarging the preference margin does not necessarily improve generation quality. In particular, the standard Diffusion-DPO objective can increase the reconstruction error of both winner and loser branches. Consequently, degradation of the less-preferred outputs can become sufficiently severe that the preferred branch is also adversely affected even as the margin grows. To address this, we introduce Diffusion-SDPO, a safeguarded update rule that preserves the winner by adaptively scaling the loser gradient according to its alignment with the winner gradient. A first-order analysis yields a closed-form scaling coefficient that guarantees the error of the preferred output is non-increasing at each optimization step. Our method is simple, model-agnostic, broadly compatible with existing DPO-style alignment frameworks and adds only marginal computational overhead. Across standard text-to-image benchmarks, Diffusion-SDPO delivers consistent gains over preference-learning baselines on automated preference, aesthetic, and prompt alignment metrics. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/AIDC-AI/Diffusion-SDPO.
title Diffusion-SDPO: Safeguarded Direct Preference Optimization for Diffusion Models
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03317