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Main Authors: Videa, Hellen, Fuentes, M. Angeles, Martinez-Martinez, Antonio J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03513
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author Videa, Hellen
Fuentes, M. Angeles
Martinez-Martinez, Antonio J.
author_facet Videa, Hellen
Fuentes, M. Angeles
Martinez-Martinez, Antonio J.
contents Low-valent Group 13 fragments can serve as neutral two-electron L-type metalloligands to transition-metal (TM) centers, enabling heterometallic M-TM platforms with bonding and reactivity patterns distinct from classical CO, phosphine, and carbene ligation. This chapter develops a unifying, descriptor-based view of aluminylene Al(I), gallylene Ga(I), and indylene In(I) donors, and contrasts them with the limited L-type behavior of Tl(I). We map synthetic gateways to isolable M(I) donors, analyze their sigma-donation/pi-acceptance profiles, and extract periodic design rules in which the sigma-donor strength decreases Al > Ga > In, whereas Tl(I) has not yet been convincingly shown to engage in neutral L-type Tl->TM coordination. Borderline cases that blur L-, X-, and Z-type classifications are also examined to clarify descriptors and guide consistent usage across the series. This contribution links ligand sterics/electronics, ambiphilicity at M(I), and the chosen TM fragment to guide the rational design of M-TM platforms that harness Group-13 M(I) donors for small-molecule activation and cooperative catalysis.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03513
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Group 13 Metals as L-Type Ligands for Transition Metals
Videa, Hellen
Fuentes, M. Angeles
Martinez-Martinez, Antonio J.
Chemical Physics
Low-valent Group 13 fragments can serve as neutral two-electron L-type metalloligands to transition-metal (TM) centers, enabling heterometallic M-TM platforms with bonding and reactivity patterns distinct from classical CO, phosphine, and carbene ligation. This chapter develops a unifying, descriptor-based view of aluminylene Al(I), gallylene Ga(I), and indylene In(I) donors, and contrasts them with the limited L-type behavior of Tl(I). We map synthetic gateways to isolable M(I) donors, analyze their sigma-donation/pi-acceptance profiles, and extract periodic design rules in which the sigma-donor strength decreases Al > Ga > In, whereas Tl(I) has not yet been convincingly shown to engage in neutral L-type Tl->TM coordination. Borderline cases that blur L-, X-, and Z-type classifications are also examined to clarify descriptors and guide consistent usage across the series. This contribution links ligand sterics/electronics, ambiphilicity at M(I), and the chosen TM fragment to guide the rational design of M-TM platforms that harness Group-13 M(I) donors for small-molecule activation and cooperative catalysis.
title Group 13 Metals as L-Type Ligands for Transition Metals
topic Chemical Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03513