Coherent Differential Imaging of high-contrast extended sources with VLT/SPHERE

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Main Authors: Potier, Axel, Galicher, Raphaël, Baudoz, Pierre, Mazoyer, Johan, Wahhaj, Zahed, Tandon, Ruben, Kühn, Jonas G., Perez, Laura, Chauvin, Gael
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Potier, Axel
Galicher, Raphaël
Baudoz, Pierre
Mazoyer, Johan
Wahhaj, Zahed
Tandon, Ruben
Kühn, Jonas G.
Perez, Laura
Chauvin, Gael
author_facet Potier, Axel
Galicher, Raphaël
Baudoz, Pierre
Mazoyer, Johan
Wahhaj, Zahed
Tandon, Ruben
Kühn, Jonas G.
Perez, Laura
Chauvin, Gael
contents High-contrast imaging relies on advanced coronagraphs and adaptive optics (AO) to attenuate the starlight. However, residual aberrations, especially non-common path aberrations between the AO channel and the coronagraph channel, limit the instrument performance. While post-processing techniques such as spectral or angular differential imaging (ADI) can partially address those issues, they suffer from self-subtraction and inefficiencies at small angular separations or when observations are conducted far from transit. We previously demonstrated the on-sky performance of coherent differential imaging (CDI), which offers a promising alternative. It allows for isolating coherent starlight residuals through speckle modulation, which can then be subtracted from the raw images during post-processing. This work aims to validate a CDI method on real science targets, demonstrating its effectiveness in imaging almost face-on circumstellar disks, which are typically challenging to retrieve with ADI. We temporally modulated the speckle field in VLT/SPHERE images, applying small phase offsets on the AO deformable mirror while observing stars surrounded by circumstellar material: HR 4796A, CPD-36 6759, HD 169142, and HD 163296. We hence separated the astrophysical scene from the stellar speckle field, whose lights are mutually incoherent. Combining a dozen of data frames and reference coronagraph point spread functions through a Karhunen-Loève image projection framework, we recover the circumstellar disks without the artifacts that are usually introduced by common post-processing algorithms (e.g., self-subtraction). The CDI method therefore represents a promising strategy for calibrating the effect of static and quasi-static aberrations in future direct imaging surveys. Indeed, it is efficient, does not require frequent telescope slewing, and does not introduce image artifacts to first order.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03518
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Coherent Differential Imaging of high-contrast extended sources with VLT/SPHERE
Potier, Axel
Galicher, Raphaël
Baudoz, Pierre
Mazoyer, Johan
Wahhaj, Zahed
Tandon, Ruben
Kühn, Jonas G.
Perez, Laura
Chauvin, Gael
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
High-contrast imaging relies on advanced coronagraphs and adaptive optics (AO) to attenuate the starlight. However, residual aberrations, especially non-common path aberrations between the AO channel and the coronagraph channel, limit the instrument performance. While post-processing techniques such as spectral or angular differential imaging (ADI) can partially address those issues, they suffer from self-subtraction and inefficiencies at small angular separations or when observations are conducted far from transit. We previously demonstrated the on-sky performance of coherent differential imaging (CDI), which offers a promising alternative. It allows for isolating coherent starlight residuals through speckle modulation, which can then be subtracted from the raw images during post-processing. This work aims to validate a CDI method on real science targets, demonstrating its effectiveness in imaging almost face-on circumstellar disks, which are typically challenging to retrieve with ADI. We temporally modulated the speckle field in VLT/SPHERE images, applying small phase offsets on the AO deformable mirror while observing stars surrounded by circumstellar material: HR 4796A, CPD-36 6759, HD 169142, and HD 163296. We hence separated the astrophysical scene from the stellar speckle field, whose lights are mutually incoherent. Combining a dozen of data frames and reference coronagraph point spread functions through a Karhunen-Loève image projection framework, we recover the circumstellar disks without the artifacts that are usually introduced by common post-processing algorithms (e.g., self-subtraction). The CDI method therefore represents a promising strategy for calibrating the effect of static and quasi-static aberrations in future direct imaging surveys. Indeed, it is efficient, does not require frequent telescope slewing, and does not introduce image artifacts to first order.
title Coherent Differential Imaging of high-contrast extended sources with VLT/SPHERE
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03518