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Main Authors: Popescu, Cosmin-Constantin, Peters, Maarten Robbert Anton, Maksimov, Oleg, Bhandari, Harish, Sharma, Rashi, Richardson, Kathleen, Majumdar, Arka, Kim, Hyun Jung, Chen, Rui, Dao, Khoi Phuong, Ranno, Luigi, Mills, Brian, Calahan, Dennis, Gu, Tian, Hu, Juejun
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03583
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author Popescu, Cosmin-Constantin
Peters, Maarten Robbert Anton
Maksimov, Oleg
Bhandari, Harish
Sharma, Rashi
Richardson, Kathleen
Majumdar, Arka
Kim, Hyun Jung
Chen, Rui
Dao, Khoi Phuong
Ranno, Luigi
Mills, Brian
Calahan, Dennis
Gu, Tian
Hu, Juejun
author_facet Popescu, Cosmin-Constantin
Peters, Maarten Robbert Anton
Maksimov, Oleg
Bhandari, Harish
Sharma, Rashi
Richardson, Kathleen
Majumdar, Arka
Kim, Hyun Jung
Chen, Rui
Dao, Khoi Phuong
Ranno, Luigi
Mills, Brian
Calahan, Dennis
Gu, Tian
Hu, Juejun
contents Active metasurfaces enable dynamic control of light for applications in beam steering, pixelated holography, and adaptive optics, but demonstrations of two-dimensional (2D) electrically addressable arrays have so far been limited. Here we introduce a scalable 2D architecture based on phase-change materials (PCMs) integrated metasurfaces and apply it to realize the first transmissive mid-infrared (mid-IR) spatial light modulator (SLM). The device is fabricated through standard silicon photonic foundry processing combined with backend-of-line (BEOL) integration and employs multilayer backend metal interconnects to implement a crossbar addressing scheme. Each pixel is integrated with a silicon diode selector to suppress sneak-path currents, a feature essential for scaling to large arrays. The result establishes a foundry-compatible route to high-density, large-area active metasurfaces with independently tunable pixels.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03583
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle 2D Addressable Mid-infrared Metasurface Spatial Light Modulator
Popescu, Cosmin-Constantin
Peters, Maarten Robbert Anton
Maksimov, Oleg
Bhandari, Harish
Sharma, Rashi
Richardson, Kathleen
Majumdar, Arka
Kim, Hyun Jung
Chen, Rui
Dao, Khoi Phuong
Ranno, Luigi
Mills, Brian
Calahan, Dennis
Gu, Tian
Hu, Juejun
Optics
Active metasurfaces enable dynamic control of light for applications in beam steering, pixelated holography, and adaptive optics, but demonstrations of two-dimensional (2D) electrically addressable arrays have so far been limited. Here we introduce a scalable 2D architecture based on phase-change materials (PCMs) integrated metasurfaces and apply it to realize the first transmissive mid-infrared (mid-IR) spatial light modulator (SLM). The device is fabricated through standard silicon photonic foundry processing combined with backend-of-line (BEOL) integration and employs multilayer backend metal interconnects to implement a crossbar addressing scheme. Each pixel is integrated with a silicon diode selector to suppress sneak-path currents, a feature essential for scaling to large arrays. The result establishes a foundry-compatible route to high-density, large-area active metasurfaces with independently tunable pixels.
title 2D Addressable Mid-infrared Metasurface Spatial Light Modulator
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03583