Fast droplet impact onto slowly moving deep pools
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866914139276836864 |
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| author | Sykes, Thomas C. Alventosa, Luke F. L. Castrejon-Pita, J. Rafael Cimpeanu, Radu Harris, Daniel M. Castrejon-Pita, Alfonso A. |
| author_facet | Sykes, Thomas C. Alventosa, Luke F. L. Castrejon-Pita, J. Rafael Cimpeanu, Radu Harris, Daniel M. Castrejon-Pita, Alfonso A. |
| contents | When a fast droplet impacts a pool, the resulting ejecta sheet dynamics determine the final impact outcome. At low Capillary numbers, the ejecta sheet remains separate from a deep static pool, whilst at higher viscosities it develops into a lamella. Here, we show that the common natural scenario of a slowly moving deep pool can change the upstream impact outcome, creating highly three-dimensional dynamics no longer characterised by a single descriptor. By considering how pool movement constrains the evolution of the ejecta sheet angle, we reach a length-scale invariant parameterisation for the upstream transition that holds for a wide range of fluids and impact conditions. Direct numerical simulations show similar dynamics for an equivalent oblique impact, indicating that the pool boundary layer does not play a decisive role for low pool-droplet speed ratios. Our results also provide insight into the physical mechanism that underpins pool impact outcomes more generally. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03682 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Fast droplet impact onto slowly moving deep pools Sykes, Thomas C. Alventosa, Luke F. L. Castrejon-Pita, J. Rafael Cimpeanu, Radu Harris, Daniel M. Castrejon-Pita, Alfonso A. Fluid Dynamics When a fast droplet impacts a pool, the resulting ejecta sheet dynamics determine the final impact outcome. At low Capillary numbers, the ejecta sheet remains separate from a deep static pool, whilst at higher viscosities it develops into a lamella. Here, we show that the common natural scenario of a slowly moving deep pool can change the upstream impact outcome, creating highly three-dimensional dynamics no longer characterised by a single descriptor. By considering how pool movement constrains the evolution of the ejecta sheet angle, we reach a length-scale invariant parameterisation for the upstream transition that holds for a wide range of fluids and impact conditions. Direct numerical simulations show similar dynamics for an equivalent oblique impact, indicating that the pool boundary layer does not play a decisive role for low pool-droplet speed ratios. Our results also provide insight into the physical mechanism that underpins pool impact outcomes more generally. |
| title | Fast droplet impact onto slowly moving deep pools |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03682 |