Holographic Black Hole Formation and Scrambling in Time-Ordered Correlators

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Main Authors: Chowdhury, Pratyusha, Haehl, Felix M., Sánchez-Garrido, Adrián, Zhao, Ying
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Chowdhury, Pratyusha
Haehl, Felix M.
Sánchez-Garrido, Adrián
Zhao, Ying
author_facet Chowdhury, Pratyusha
Haehl, Felix M.
Sánchez-Garrido, Adrián
Zhao, Ying
contents We describe a holographic mechanism for black hole formation via the collision of two shock waves in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. In the dual conformal field theory (CFT), a two-shock-wave state corresponds to the insertion of two boosted precursor operators in complementary Rindler patches. Their operator product expansion is initially described by a universal mean-field spectrum of exchanged states, which is dominated by operator dimensions that grow exponentially in the boost parameter. We propose their mean value as diagnosing the mass of the collision product in the bulk. It crosses the CFT heavy state threshold after two scrambling times, in accordance with expectations about black hole formation in general relativity. Our analysis also allows us to identify the scrambling characteristics usually associated with out-of-time-order correlation functions, using only the internal composition of thermal in-time-order correlators.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03784
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Holographic Black Hole Formation and Scrambling in Time-Ordered Correlators
Chowdhury, Pratyusha
Haehl, Felix M.
Sánchez-Garrido, Adrián
Zhao, Ying
High Energy Physics - Theory
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
We describe a holographic mechanism for black hole formation via the collision of two shock waves in three-dimensional anti-de Sitter spacetime. In the dual conformal field theory (CFT), a two-shock-wave state corresponds to the insertion of two boosted precursor operators in complementary Rindler patches. Their operator product expansion is initially described by a universal mean-field spectrum of exchanged states, which is dominated by operator dimensions that grow exponentially in the boost parameter. We propose their mean value as diagnosing the mass of the collision product in the bulk. It crosses the CFT heavy state threshold after two scrambling times, in accordance with expectations about black hole formation in general relativity. Our analysis also allows us to identify the scrambling characteristics usually associated with out-of-time-order correlation functions, using only the internal composition of thermal in-time-order correlators.
title Holographic Black Hole Formation and Scrambling in Time-Ordered Correlators
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03784