Bifurcation analysis of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in deep water

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Gui, Changfeng, Wang, Jun, Yang, Wen, Zhang, Yong
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866909889624801280
author Gui, Changfeng
Wang, Jun
Yang, Wen
Zhang, Yong
author_facet Gui, Changfeng
Wang, Jun
Yang, Wen
Zhang, Yong
contents In this paper, we establish the existence of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in a two-dimensional, infinitely deep fluid domain. These waves represent traveling water waves propagating over sheared currents in a semi-infinite cylinder, where the vorticity may exhibit discontinuities. The analysis is carried out by applying a hodograph transformation, which reformulates the original free boundary problem into an abstract elliptic boundary value problem. Compared to previously studied steady water waves, the present setting introduces several novel features: the presence of an internal interface, an unbounded spatial domain, and a non-Fredholm linearized operator. To address these difficulties, we introduce a height function formulation, casting the problem as a transmission problem with suitable transmission conditions. A singular bifurcation approach is then employed, combining global bifurcation theory with Whyburns topological lemma. Along the global bifurcation branch, we show that the resulting wave profiles either attain arbitrarily large wave speed or approach horizontal stagnation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_03973
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Bifurcation analysis of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in deep water
Gui, Changfeng
Wang, Jun
Yang, Wen
Zhang, Yong
Analysis of PDEs
In this paper, we establish the existence of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in a two-dimensional, infinitely deep fluid domain. These waves represent traveling water waves propagating over sheared currents in a semi-infinite cylinder, where the vorticity may exhibit discontinuities. The analysis is carried out by applying a hodograph transformation, which reformulates the original free boundary problem into an abstract elliptic boundary value problem. Compared to previously studied steady water waves, the present setting introduces several novel features: the presence of an internal interface, an unbounded spatial domain, and a non-Fredholm linearized operator. To address these difficulties, we introduce a height function formulation, casting the problem as a transmission problem with suitable transmission conditions. A singular bifurcation approach is then employed, combining global bifurcation theory with Whyburns topological lemma. Along the global bifurcation branch, we show that the resulting wave profiles either attain arbitrarily large wave speed or approach horizontal stagnation.
title Bifurcation analysis of Stokes waves with piecewise smooth vorticity in deep water
topic Analysis of PDEs
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.03973