Multi-Method Analysis of Mathematics Placement Assessments: Classical, Machine Learning, and Clustering Approaches

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Allagan, Julian D., Singleton, Dasia A., Perry, Shanae N., Morgan, Gabrielle C., Morgan, Essence A.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Allagan, Julian D.
Singleton, Dasia A.
Perry, Shanae N.
Morgan, Gabrielle C.
Morgan, Essence A.
author_facet Allagan, Julian D.
Singleton, Dasia A.
Perry, Shanae N.
Morgan, Gabrielle C.
Morgan, Essence A.
contents This study evaluates a 40-item mathematics placement examination administered to 198 students using a multi-method framework combining Classical Test Theory, machine learning, and unsupervised clustering. Classical Test Theory analysis reveals that 55\% of items achieve excellent discrimination ($D \geq 0.40$) while 30\% demonstrate poor discrimination ($D < 0.20$) requiring replacement. Question 6 (Graph Interpretation) emerges as the examination's most powerful discriminator, achieving perfect discrimination ($D = 1.000$), highest ANOVA F-statistic ($F = 4609.1$), and maximum Random Forest feature importance (0.206), accounting for 20.6\% of predictive power. Machine learning algorithms demonstrate exceptional performance, with Random Forest and Gradient Boosting achieving 97.5\% and 96.0\% cross-validation accuracy. K-means clustering identifies a natural binary competency structure with a boundary at 42.5\%, diverging from the institutional threshold of 55\% and suggesting potential overclassification into remedial categories. The two-cluster solution exhibits exceptional stability (bootstrap ARI = 0.855) with perfect lower-cluster purity. Convergent evidence across methods supports specific refinements: replace poorly discriminating items, implement a two-stage assessment, and integrate Random Forest predictions with transparency mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that multi-method integration provides a robust empirical foundation for evidence-based mathematics placement optimization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_04667
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Multi-Method Analysis of Mathematics Placement Assessments: Classical, Machine Learning, and Clustering Approaches
Allagan, Julian D.
Singleton, Dasia A.
Perry, Shanae N.
Morgan, Gabrielle C.
Morgan, Essence A.
Machine Learning
97C70, 62P25, 62H30, 68T05
This study evaluates a 40-item mathematics placement examination administered to 198 students using a multi-method framework combining Classical Test Theory, machine learning, and unsupervised clustering. Classical Test Theory analysis reveals that 55\% of items achieve excellent discrimination ($D \geq 0.40$) while 30\% demonstrate poor discrimination ($D < 0.20$) requiring replacement. Question 6 (Graph Interpretation) emerges as the examination's most powerful discriminator, achieving perfect discrimination ($D = 1.000$), highest ANOVA F-statistic ($F = 4609.1$), and maximum Random Forest feature importance (0.206), accounting for 20.6\% of predictive power. Machine learning algorithms demonstrate exceptional performance, with Random Forest and Gradient Boosting achieving 97.5\% and 96.0\% cross-validation accuracy. K-means clustering identifies a natural binary competency structure with a boundary at 42.5\%, diverging from the institutional threshold of 55\% and suggesting potential overclassification into remedial categories. The two-cluster solution exhibits exceptional stability (bootstrap ARI = 0.855) with perfect lower-cluster purity. Convergent evidence across methods supports specific refinements: replace poorly discriminating items, implement a two-stage assessment, and integrate Random Forest predictions with transparency mechanisms. These findings demonstrate that multi-method integration provides a robust empirical foundation for evidence-based mathematics placement optimization.
title Multi-Method Analysis of Mathematics Placement Assessments: Classical, Machine Learning, and Clustering Approaches
topic Machine Learning
97C70, 62P25, 62H30, 68T05
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.04667