Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| author | DAMPE Collaboration Alemanno, Francesca An, Qi Azzarello, Philipp Barbato, Felicia-Carla-Tiziana Bernardini, Paolo Bi, Xiao-Jun Boutin, Hugo Valentin Cagnoli, Irene Cai, Ming-Sheng Casilli, Elisabetta Chang, Jin Chen, Deng-Yi Chen, Jun-Ling Chen, Zhan-Fang Chen, Zi-Xuan Coppin, Paul Cui, Ming-Yang Cui, Tian-Shu De Mitri, Ivan de Palma, Francesco Di Giovanni, Adriano Dong, Tie-Kuang Dong, Zhen-Xing Donvito, Giacinto Duan, Jing-Lai Duan, Kai-Kai Fan, Rui-Rui Fan, Yi-Zhong Fang, Fang Fang, Kun Feng, Chang-Qing Feng, Lei Fogliacco, Sara Frieden, Jennifer-Maria Fusco, Piergiorgio Gao, Min Gargano, Fabio Ghose, Essna Gong, Ke Gong, Yi-Zhong Guo, Dong-Ya Guo, Jian-Hua Han, Shuang-Xue Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Guang-Shun Huang, Xiao-Yuan Huang, Yong-Yi Ionica, Maria Jiang, Lu-Yao Jiang, Wei Jiang, Yao-Zu Kong, Jie Kotenko, Andrii Kyratzis, Dimitrios Lei, Shi-Jun Li, Bo Li, Manbing Li, Wei-Liang Li, Wen-Hao Li, Xiang Li, Xian-Qiang Liang, Yao-Ming Liu, Cheng-Ming Liu, Hao Liu, Jie Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Yang Loparco, Francesco Ma, Miao Ma, Peng-Xiong Ma, Tao Ma, Xiao-Yong Marsella, Giovanni Mazziotta, Mario-Nicola Mo, Dan Nie, Yu Niu, Xiao-Yang Parenti, Andrea Peng, Wen-Xi Peng, Xiao-Yan Perrina, Chiara Putti-Garcia, Enzo Qiao, Rui Rao, Jia-Ning Rong, Yi Serpolla, Andrea Sarkar, Ritabrata Savina, Pierpaolo Shangguan, Zhi Shen, Wei-Hua Shen, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Zhong-Tao Silveri, Leandro Song, Jing-Xing Su, Hong Su, Meng Sun, Hao-Ran Sun, Zhi-Yu Surdo, Antonio Teng, Xue-Jian Tykhonov, Andrii Wang, Gui-Fu Wang, Jin-Zhou Wang, Lian-Guo Wang, Shen Wang, Xiao-Lian Wang, Yan-Fang Wei, Da-Ming Wei, Jia-Ju Wei, Yi-Feng Wu, Di Wu, Jian Wu, Sha-Sha Wu, Xin Xia, Zi-Qing Xiong, Zheng Xu, En-Heng Xu, Hai-Tao Xu, Jing Xu, Zhi-Hui Xu, Zi-Zong Xu, Zun-Lei Xue, Guo-Feng Yan, Ming-Yu Yang, Hai-Bo Yang, Peng Yang, Ya-Qing Yao, Hui-Jun Yu, Yu-Hong Yuan, Qiang Yue, Chuan Zang, Jing-Jing Zhang, Sheng-Xia Zhang, Wen-Zhang Zhang, Yan Zhang, Ya-Peng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong-Jie Zhang, Yong-Qiang Zhang, Yun-Long Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhao, Cong Zhao, Hong-Yun Zhao, Xun-Feng Zhou, Chang-Yi Zhu, Xun Zhu, Yan |
| author_facet | DAMPE Collaboration Alemanno, Francesca An, Qi Azzarello, Philipp Barbato, Felicia-Carla-Tiziana Bernardini, Paolo Bi, Xiao-Jun Boutin, Hugo Valentin Cagnoli, Irene Cai, Ming-Sheng Casilli, Elisabetta Chang, Jin Chen, Deng-Yi Chen, Jun-Ling Chen, Zhan-Fang Chen, Zi-Xuan Coppin, Paul Cui, Ming-Yang Cui, Tian-Shu De Mitri, Ivan de Palma, Francesco Di Giovanni, Adriano Dong, Tie-Kuang Dong, Zhen-Xing Donvito, Giacinto Duan, Jing-Lai Duan, Kai-Kai Fan, Rui-Rui Fan, Yi-Zhong Fang, Fang Fang, Kun Feng, Chang-Qing Feng, Lei Fogliacco, Sara Frieden, Jennifer-Maria Fusco, Piergiorgio Gao, Min Gargano, Fabio Ghose, Essna Gong, Ke Gong, Yi-Zhong Guo, Dong-Ya Guo, Jian-Hua Han, Shuang-Xue Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Guang-Shun Huang, Xiao-Yuan Huang, Yong-Yi Ionica, Maria Jiang, Lu-Yao Jiang, Wei Jiang, Yao-Zu Kong, Jie Kotenko, Andrii Kyratzis, Dimitrios Lei, Shi-Jun Li, Bo Li, Manbing Li, Wei-Liang Li, Wen-Hao Li, Xiang Li, Xian-Qiang Liang, Yao-Ming Liu, Cheng-Ming Liu, Hao Liu, Jie Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Yang Loparco, Francesco Ma, Miao Ma, Peng-Xiong Ma, Tao Ma, Xiao-Yong Marsella, Giovanni Mazziotta, Mario-Nicola Mo, Dan Nie, Yu Niu, Xiao-Yang Parenti, Andrea Peng, Wen-Xi Peng, Xiao-Yan Perrina, Chiara Putti-Garcia, Enzo Qiao, Rui Rao, Jia-Ning Rong, Yi Serpolla, Andrea Sarkar, Ritabrata Savina, Pierpaolo Shangguan, Zhi Shen, Wei-Hua Shen, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Zhong-Tao Silveri, Leandro Song, Jing-Xing Su, Hong Su, Meng Sun, Hao-Ran Sun, Zhi-Yu Surdo, Antonio Teng, Xue-Jian Tykhonov, Andrii Wang, Gui-Fu Wang, Jin-Zhou Wang, Lian-Guo Wang, Shen Wang, Xiao-Lian Wang, Yan-Fang Wei, Da-Ming Wei, Jia-Ju Wei, Yi-Feng Wu, Di Wu, Jian Wu, Sha-Sha Wu, Xin Xia, Zi-Qing Xiong, Zheng Xu, En-Heng Xu, Hai-Tao Xu, Jing Xu, Zhi-Hui Xu, Zi-Zong Xu, Zun-Lei Xue, Guo-Feng Yan, Ming-Yu Yang, Hai-Bo Yang, Peng Yang, Ya-Qing Yao, Hui-Jun Yu, Yu-Hong Yuan, Qiang Yue, Chuan Zang, Jing-Jing Zhang, Sheng-Xia Zhang, Wen-Zhang Zhang, Yan Zhang, Ya-Peng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong-Jie Zhang, Yong-Qiang Zhang, Yun-Long Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhao, Cong Zhao, Hong-Yun Zhao, Xun-Feng Zhou, Chang-Yi Zhu, Xun Zhu, Yan |
| contents | In most particle acceleration or propagation theories, the characteristic features of the cosmic ray spectra due to acceleration limits or propagation phase changes are charge dependent. Alternatively, the interaction scenario would expect mass dependent spectral features in general. The observational verification of which relation takes effect in nature is still lack due to the difficulty of measuring the spectra of individual particles up to very high energies. Here we report direct measurements of the carbon, oxygen, and iron spectra from ~20 gigavolts to ~100 teravolts (~60 teravolts for iron) with 9 years of on-orbit data collected by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. Distinct spectral softenings have been directly detected in these spectra for the first time. Combined with the updated proton and helium spectra, the spectral softening appears universally at a rigidity of ~15 teravolts. A nuclei mass dependent softening is rejected at a confidence level of >99.999%. Possible interpretations of these results, including a nearby cosmic ray source and other models such as the propagation effect, are discussed. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_05409 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee DAMPE Collaboration Alemanno, Francesca An, Qi Azzarello, Philipp Barbato, Felicia-Carla-Tiziana Bernardini, Paolo Bi, Xiao-Jun Boutin, Hugo Valentin Cagnoli, Irene Cai, Ming-Sheng Casilli, Elisabetta Chang, Jin Chen, Deng-Yi Chen, Jun-Ling Chen, Zhan-Fang Chen, Zi-Xuan Coppin, Paul Cui, Ming-Yang Cui, Tian-Shu De Mitri, Ivan de Palma, Francesco Di Giovanni, Adriano Dong, Tie-Kuang Dong, Zhen-Xing Donvito, Giacinto Duan, Jing-Lai Duan, Kai-Kai Fan, Rui-Rui Fan, Yi-Zhong Fang, Fang Fang, Kun Feng, Chang-Qing Feng, Lei Fogliacco, Sara Frieden, Jennifer-Maria Fusco, Piergiorgio Gao, Min Gargano, Fabio Ghose, Essna Gong, Ke Gong, Yi-Zhong Guo, Dong-Ya Guo, Jian-Hua Han, Shuang-Xue Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Guang-Shun Huang, Xiao-Yuan Huang, Yong-Yi Ionica, Maria Jiang, Lu-Yao Jiang, Wei Jiang, Yao-Zu Kong, Jie Kotenko, Andrii Kyratzis, Dimitrios Lei, Shi-Jun Li, Bo Li, Manbing Li, Wei-Liang Li, Wen-Hao Li, Xiang Li, Xian-Qiang Liang, Yao-Ming Liu, Cheng-Ming Liu, Hao Liu, Jie Liu, Shu-Bin Liu, Yang Loparco, Francesco Ma, Miao Ma, Peng-Xiong Ma, Tao Ma, Xiao-Yong Marsella, Giovanni Mazziotta, Mario-Nicola Mo, Dan Nie, Yu Niu, Xiao-Yang Parenti, Andrea Peng, Wen-Xi Peng, Xiao-Yan Perrina, Chiara Putti-Garcia, Enzo Qiao, Rui Rao, Jia-Ning Rong, Yi Serpolla, Andrea Sarkar, Ritabrata Savina, Pierpaolo Shangguan, Zhi Shen, Wei-Hua Shen, Zhao-Qiang Shen, Zhong-Tao Silveri, Leandro Song, Jing-Xing Su, Hong Su, Meng Sun, Hao-Ran Sun, Zhi-Yu Surdo, Antonio Teng, Xue-Jian Tykhonov, Andrii Wang, Gui-Fu Wang, Jin-Zhou Wang, Lian-Guo Wang, Shen Wang, Xiao-Lian Wang, Yan-Fang Wei, Da-Ming Wei, Jia-Ju Wei, Yi-Feng Wu, Di Wu, Jian Wu, Sha-Sha Wu, Xin Xia, Zi-Qing Xiong, Zheng Xu, En-Heng Xu, Hai-Tao Xu, Jing Xu, Zhi-Hui Xu, Zi-Zong Xu, Zun-Lei Xue, Guo-Feng Yan, Ming-Yu Yang, Hai-Bo Yang, Peng Yang, Ya-Qing Yao, Hui-Jun Yu, Yu-Hong Yuan, Qiang Yue, Chuan Zang, Jing-Jing Zhang, Sheng-Xia Zhang, Wen-Zhang Zhang, Yan Zhang, Ya-Peng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Yong-Jie Zhang, Yong-Qiang Zhang, Yun-Long Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Zhi-Yong Zhao, Cong Zhao, Hong-Yun Zhao, Xun-Feng Zhou, Chang-Yi Zhu, Xun Zhu, Yan High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Experiment In most particle acceleration or propagation theories, the characteristic features of the cosmic ray spectra due to acceleration limits or propagation phase changes are charge dependent. Alternatively, the interaction scenario would expect mass dependent spectral features in general. The observational verification of which relation takes effect in nature is still lack due to the difficulty of measuring the spectra of individual particles up to very high energies. Here we report direct measurements of the carbon, oxygen, and iron spectra from ~20 gigavolts to ~100 teravolts (~60 teravolts for iron) with 9 years of on-orbit data collected by the Dark Matter Particle Explorer. Distinct spectral softenings have been directly detected in these spectra for the first time. Combined with the updated proton and helium spectra, the spectral softening appears universally at a rigidity of ~15 teravolts. A nuclei mass dependent softening is rejected at a confidence level of >99.999%. Possible interpretations of these results, including a nearby cosmic ray source and other models such as the propagation effect, are discussed. |
| title | Charge-dependent spectral softenings of primary cosmic-rays below the knee |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05409 |