In-Context-Learning-Assisted Quality Assessment Vision-Language Models for Metal Additive Manufacturing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zheng, Qiaojie, Zhang, Jiucai, Zhang, Xiaoli
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Zheng, Qiaojie
Zhang, Jiucai
Zhang, Xiaoli
author_facet Zheng, Qiaojie
Zhang, Jiucai
Zhang, Xiaoli
contents Vision-based quality assessment in additive manufacturing often requires dedicated machine learning models and application-specific datasets. However, data collection and model training can be expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we leverage vision-language models' (VLMs') reasoning capabilities to assess the quality of printed parts and introduce in-context learning (ICL) to provide VLMs with necessary application-specific knowledge and demonstration samples. This method eliminates the requirement for large application-specific datasets for training models. We explored different sampling strategies for ICL to search for the optimal configuration that makes use of limited samples. We evaluated these strategies on two VLMs, Gemini-2.5-flash and Gemma3:27b, with quality assessment tasks in wire-laser direct energy deposition processes. The results show that ICL-assisted VLMs can reach quality classification accuracies similar to those of traditional machine learning models while requiring only a minimal number of samples. In addition, unlike traditional classification models that lack transparency, VLMs can generate human-interpretable rationales to enhance trust. Since there are no metrics to evaluate their interpretability in manufacturing applications, we propose two metrics, knowledge relevance and rationale validity, to evaluate the quality of VLMs' supporting rationales. Our results show that ICL-assisted VLMs can address application-specific tasks with limited data, achieving relatively high accuracy while also providing valid supporting rationales for improved decision transparency.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_05551
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle In-Context-Learning-Assisted Quality Assessment Vision-Language Models for Metal Additive Manufacturing
Zheng, Qiaojie
Zhang, Jiucai
Zhang, Xiaoli
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Vision-based quality assessment in additive manufacturing often requires dedicated machine learning models and application-specific datasets. However, data collection and model training can be expensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we leverage vision-language models' (VLMs') reasoning capabilities to assess the quality of printed parts and introduce in-context learning (ICL) to provide VLMs with necessary application-specific knowledge and demonstration samples. This method eliminates the requirement for large application-specific datasets for training models. We explored different sampling strategies for ICL to search for the optimal configuration that makes use of limited samples. We evaluated these strategies on two VLMs, Gemini-2.5-flash and Gemma3:27b, with quality assessment tasks in wire-laser direct energy deposition processes. The results show that ICL-assisted VLMs can reach quality classification accuracies similar to those of traditional machine learning models while requiring only a minimal number of samples. In addition, unlike traditional classification models that lack transparency, VLMs can generate human-interpretable rationales to enhance trust. Since there are no metrics to evaluate their interpretability in manufacturing applications, we propose two metrics, knowledge relevance and rationale validity, to evaluate the quality of VLMs' supporting rationales. Our results show that ICL-assisted VLMs can address application-specific tasks with limited data, achieving relatively high accuracy while also providing valid supporting rationales for improved decision transparency.
title In-Context-Learning-Assisted Quality Assessment Vision-Language Models for Metal Additive Manufacturing
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05551