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Main Authors: Li, Shiyuan, Yan, Baojiang, Xie, Yihan, Tong, Yixin, He, Chong, Bai, Xudong, Wu, Qingqing, Chen, Wen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05636
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author Li, Shiyuan
Yan, Baojiang
Xie, Yihan
Tong, Yixin
He, Chong
Bai, Xudong
Wu, Qingqing
Chen, Wen
author_facet Li, Shiyuan
Yan, Baojiang
Xie, Yihan
Tong, Yixin
He, Chong
Bai, Xudong
Wu, Qingqing
Chen, Wen
contents Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-based direct modulation communication systems have garnered significant attention due to their low cost, low power consumption, and baseband-less characteristics. However, these systems face challenges such as the random time-varying coding state of the RIS and the difficulty in implementing beamforming in direct modulation. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective joint space-time coding approach for RIS that enables simultaneous realization of both direct modulation communication and beamforming. By modeling the transmitted signals of the RIS using space-time coding, we show that the time coding determines the direct modulation functionality, while the space coding governs the beamforming. Consequently, we introduce a joint time-space coding technique by performing exclusive-or (XOR) operations on the time and space coding sequences, enabling both functionalities to be achieved concurrently. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, we design and fabricate a transmissive 1-bit phase reconfigurable RIS operating in the 3.4~3.79 GHz frequency band for the implementation of a direct modulation communication system. Experimental results reveal that the bit error rate (BER) is significantly reduced when joint space-time coding is used, compared to using time coding alone. Additionally, the root-mean-square error vector magnitude (rmsEVM) of the constellation diagram is reduced by 55%. This technique is promising for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), contributing to the development of intelligent networks for electronic devices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_05636
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Joint Space Time Coding on RIS for Simultaneous Direct Modulation and Beamforming
Li, Shiyuan
Yan, Baojiang
Xie, Yihan
Tong, Yixin
He, Chong
Bai, Xudong
Wu, Qingqing
Chen, Wen
Information Theory
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS)-based direct modulation communication systems have garnered significant attention due to their low cost, low power consumption, and baseband-less characteristics. However, these systems face challenges such as the random time-varying coding state of the RIS and the difficulty in implementing beamforming in direct modulation. In this paper, we propose a simple and effective joint space-time coding approach for RIS that enables simultaneous realization of both direct modulation communication and beamforming. By modeling the transmitted signals of the RIS using space-time coding, we show that the time coding determines the direct modulation functionality, while the space coding governs the beamforming. Consequently, we introduce a joint time-space coding technique by performing exclusive-or (XOR) operations on the time and space coding sequences, enabling both functionalities to be achieved concurrently. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Furthermore, we design and fabricate a transmissive 1-bit phase reconfigurable RIS operating in the 3.4~3.79 GHz frequency band for the implementation of a direct modulation communication system. Experimental results reveal that the bit error rate (BER) is significantly reduced when joint space-time coding is used, compared to using time coding alone. Additionally, the root-mean-square error vector magnitude (rmsEVM) of the constellation diagram is reduced by 55%. This technique is promising for applications in the Internet of Things (IoT), contributing to the development of intelligent networks for electronic devices.
title Joint Space Time Coding on RIS for Simultaneous Direct Modulation and Beamforming
topic Information Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05636