Assertion-Aware Test Code Summarization with Large Language Models
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866909895058522112 |
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| author | Mollah, Anamul Haque Aljohani, Ahmed Do, Hyunsook |
| author_facet | Mollah, Anamul Haque Aljohani, Ahmed Do, Hyunsook |
| contents | Unit tests often lack concise summaries that convey test intent, especially in auto-generated or poorly documented codebases. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution, but their effectiveness depends heavily on how they are prompted. Unlike generic code summarization, test-code summarization poses distinct challenges because test methods validate expected behavior through assertions rather than implementing functionality. This paper presents a new benchmark of 91 real-world Java test cases paired with developer-written summaries and conducts a controlled ablation study to investigate how test code-related components-such as the method under test (MUT), assertion messages, and assertion semantics-affect the performance of LLM-generated test summaries. We evaluate four code LLMs (Codex, Codestral, DeepSeek, and Qwen-Coder) across seven prompt configurations using n-gram metrics (BLEU, ROUGE-L, METEOR), semantic similarity (BERTScore), and LLM-based evaluation. Results show that prompting with assertion semantics improves summary quality by an average of 0.10 points (2.3%) over full MUT context (4.45 vs. 4.35) while requiring fewer input tokens. Codex and Qwen-Coder achieve the highest alignment with human-written summaries, while DeepSeek underperforms despite high lexical overlap. The replication package is publicly available at https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.17067550 |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_06227 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Assertion-Aware Test Code Summarization with Large Language Models Mollah, Anamul Haque Aljohani, Ahmed Do, Hyunsook Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science Unit tests often lack concise summaries that convey test intent, especially in auto-generated or poorly documented codebases. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising solution, but their effectiveness depends heavily on how they are prompted. Unlike generic code summarization, test-code summarization poses distinct challenges because test methods validate expected behavior through assertions rather than implementing functionality. This paper presents a new benchmark of 91 real-world Java test cases paired with developer-written summaries and conducts a controlled ablation study to investigate how test code-related components-such as the method under test (MUT), assertion messages, and assertion semantics-affect the performance of LLM-generated test summaries. We evaluate four code LLMs (Codex, Codestral, DeepSeek, and Qwen-Coder) across seven prompt configurations using n-gram metrics (BLEU, ROUGE-L, METEOR), semantic similarity (BERTScore), and LLM-based evaluation. Results show that prompting with assertion semantics improves summary quality by an average of 0.10 points (2.3%) over full MUT context (4.45 vs. 4.35) while requiring fewer input tokens. Codex and Qwen-Coder achieve the highest alignment with human-written summaries, while DeepSeek underperforms despite high lexical overlap. The replication package is publicly available at https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.17067550 |
| title | Assertion-Aware Test Code Summarization with Large Language Models |
| topic | Software Engineering Artificial Intelligence Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06227 |