Boundary Discontinuity Designs: Theory and Practice

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Main Authors: Cattaneo, Matias D., Titiunik, Rocio, Yu, Ruiqi Rae
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Cattaneo, Matias D.
Titiunik, Rocio
Yu, Ruiqi Rae
author_facet Cattaneo, Matias D.
Titiunik, Rocio
Yu, Ruiqi Rae
contents The boundary discontinuity (BD) design is a non-experimental method for identifying causal effects that exploits a thresholding rule based on a bivariate score and a boundary curve. This widely used method generalizes the univariate regression discontinuity design but introduces unique challenges arising from its multidimensional nature. We synthesize over 80 empirical papers that use the BD design, tracing the method's application from its formative stages to its implementation in modern research. We also overview ongoing theoretical and methodological research on identification, estimation, and inference for BD designs employing local polynomial regression, and offer recommendations for practice.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_06474
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Boundary Discontinuity Designs: Theory and Practice
Cattaneo, Matias D.
Titiunik, Rocio
Yu, Ruiqi Rae
Econometrics
Applications
Methodology
The boundary discontinuity (BD) design is a non-experimental method for identifying causal effects that exploits a thresholding rule based on a bivariate score and a boundary curve. This widely used method generalizes the univariate regression discontinuity design but introduces unique challenges arising from its multidimensional nature. We synthesize over 80 empirical papers that use the BD design, tracing the method's application from its formative stages to its implementation in modern research. We also overview ongoing theoretical and methodological research on identification, estimation, and inference for BD designs employing local polynomial regression, and offer recommendations for practice.
title Boundary Discontinuity Designs: Theory and Practice
topic Econometrics
Applications
Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06474