Causal Inference for Network Autoregression Model: A Targeted Minimum Loss Estimation Approach

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Wu, Yong, Wu, Shuyuan, Sun, Xinwei, Zhu, Xuening
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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author Wu, Yong
Wu, Shuyuan
Sun, Xinwei
Zhu, Xuening
author_facet Wu, Yong
Wu, Shuyuan
Sun, Xinwei
Zhu, Xuening
contents We study estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) from a single network in observational settings with interference. The weak cross-unit dependence is modeled via an endogenous peer-effect (network autoregressive) term that induces distance-decaying network dependence, relaxing the common finite-order interference to infinite interference. We propose a targeted minimum loss estimation (TMLE) procedure that removes plug-in bias from an initial estimator. The targeting step yields an adjustment direction that incorporates the network autoregressive structure and assigns heterogeneous, network-dependent weights to units. We find that the asymptotic leading term related to the covariates $\mathbf{X}_i$ can be formulated into a $V$-statistic whose order diverges with the network degrees. A novel limit theory is developed to establish the asymptotic normality under such complex network dependent scenarios. We show that our method can achieve smaller asymptotic variance than existing methods when $\mathbf{X}_i$ is i.i.d. generated and estimated with empirical distribution, and provide theoretical guarantees for estimating the variance. Extensive numerical studies and a live-streaming data analysis are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_06652
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Causal Inference for Network Autoregression Model: A Targeted Minimum Loss Estimation Approach
Wu, Yong
Wu, Shuyuan
Sun, Xinwei
Zhu, Xuening
Methodology
We study estimation of the average treatment effect (ATE) from a single network in observational settings with interference. The weak cross-unit dependence is modeled via an endogenous peer-effect (network autoregressive) term that induces distance-decaying network dependence, relaxing the common finite-order interference to infinite interference. We propose a targeted minimum loss estimation (TMLE) procedure that removes plug-in bias from an initial estimator. The targeting step yields an adjustment direction that incorporates the network autoregressive structure and assigns heterogeneous, network-dependent weights to units. We find that the asymptotic leading term related to the covariates $\mathbf{X}_i$ can be formulated into a $V$-statistic whose order diverges with the network degrees. A novel limit theory is developed to establish the asymptotic normality under such complex network dependent scenarios. We show that our method can achieve smaller asymptotic variance than existing methods when $\mathbf{X}_i$ is i.i.d. generated and estimated with empirical distribution, and provide theoretical guarantees for estimating the variance. Extensive numerical studies and a live-streaming data analysis are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.
title Causal Inference for Network Autoregression Model: A Targeted Minimum Loss Estimation Approach
topic Methodology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.06652