On Stealing Graph Neural Network Models

Fuente: arXiv
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Autori principali: Podhajski, Marcin, Dubiński, Jan, Boenisch, Franziska, Dziedzic, Adam, Pręgowska, Agnieszka, Michalak, Tomasz P.
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2025
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author Podhajski, Marcin
Dubiński, Jan
Boenisch, Franziska
Dziedzic, Adam
Pręgowska, Agnieszka
Michalak, Tomasz P.
author_facet Podhajski, Marcin
Dubiński, Jan
Boenisch, Franziska
Dziedzic, Adam
Pręgowska, Agnieszka
Michalak, Tomasz P.
contents Current graph neural network (GNN) model-stealing methods rely heavily on queries to the victim model, assuming no hard query limits. However, in reality, the number of allowed queries can be severely limited. In this paper, we demonstrate how an adversary can extract a GNN with very limited interactions with the model. Our approach first enables the adversary to obtain the model backbone without making direct queries to the victim model and then to strategically utilize a fixed query limit to extract the most informative data. The experiments on eight real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack, even under a very restricted query limit and under defense against model extraction in place. Our findings underscore the need for robust defenses against GNN model extraction threats.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_07170
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On Stealing Graph Neural Network Models
Podhajski, Marcin
Dubiński, Jan
Boenisch, Franziska
Dziedzic, Adam
Pręgowska, Agnieszka
Michalak, Tomasz P.
Machine Learning
Cryptography and Security
Current graph neural network (GNN) model-stealing methods rely heavily on queries to the victim model, assuming no hard query limits. However, in reality, the number of allowed queries can be severely limited. In this paper, we demonstrate how an adversary can extract a GNN with very limited interactions with the model. Our approach first enables the adversary to obtain the model backbone without making direct queries to the victim model and then to strategically utilize a fixed query limit to extract the most informative data. The experiments on eight real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the attack, even under a very restricted query limit and under defense against model extraction in place. Our findings underscore the need for robust defenses against GNN model extraction threats.
title On Stealing Graph Neural Network Models
topic Machine Learning
Cryptography and Security
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07170