Arrow graphs and their focal curves

Fuente: arXiv
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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Bos, Rogier, Cools, Filip
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bos, Rogier
Cools, Filip
author_facet Bos, Rogier
Cools, Filip
contents The arrow graph of a function consists of two parallel axes, with arrows from input values to output values. The lines through these arrows envelop a curve which we named the focal curve. This paper studies these focal curves in detail. We show how the focal curve relates to the derivative of the function, and how this also provided a parametrization of the focal curve. This is illustrated through various examples, and can be experienced in linked GeoGebra-applications. Next, we provide an interpretation of focal curves in projective geometry, relating the focal curve to the dual curve of the graph of the function. Finally, we provide some results on the behavior of focal curves under transformations and compositions.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_07440
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Arrow graphs and their focal curves
Bos, Rogier
Cools, Filip
History and Overview
26A24
The arrow graph of a function consists of two parallel axes, with arrows from input values to output values. The lines through these arrows envelop a curve which we named the focal curve. This paper studies these focal curves in detail. We show how the focal curve relates to the derivative of the function, and how this also provided a parametrization of the focal curve. This is illustrated through various examples, and can be experienced in linked GeoGebra-applications. Next, we provide an interpretation of focal curves in projective geometry, relating the focal curve to the dual curve of the graph of the function. Finally, we provide some results on the behavior of focal curves under transformations and compositions.
title Arrow graphs and their focal curves
topic History and Overview
26A24
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07440