MA-Aided Hierarchical Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Wideband Beam Squint Mitigation

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Zhang, Cixiao, Xu, Yin, Guo, Xinghao, Ou, Xiaowu, He, Dazhi, Zhang, Wenjun
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2025
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author Zhang, Cixiao
Xu, Yin
Guo, Xinghao
Ou, Xiaowu
He, Dazhi
Zhang, Wenjun
author_facet Zhang, Cixiao
Xu, Yin
Guo, Xinghao
Ou, Xiaowu
He, Dazhi
Zhang, Wenjun
contents In wideband near-field arrays, frequency-dependent array responses cause wavefronts at different frequencies to deviate from that at the center frequency, producing beam squint and degrading multi-user performance. True-time-delay (TTD) circuits can realign the frequency dependence but require large delay ranges and intricate calibration, limiting scalability. Another line of work explores one- and two-dimensional array geometries, including linear, circular, and concentric circular, that exhibit distinct broadband behaviors such as different beam-squint sensitivities and focusing characteristics. These observations motivate adapting the array layout to enable wideband-friendly focusing and enhance multi-user performance without TTD networks. We propose a movable antenna (MA) aided architecture based on hierarchical sub-connected hybrid beamforming (HSC-HBF) in which antennas are grouped into tiles and only the tile centers are repositioned, providing slow geometric degrees of freedom that emulate TTD-like broadband focusing while keeping hardware and optimization complexity low. We show that the steering vector is inherently frequency dependent and that reconfiguring tile locations improves broadband focusing. Simulations across wideband near-field scenarios demonstrate robust squint suppression and consistent gains over fixed-layout arrays, achieving up to 5\% higher sum rate, with the maximum improvement exceeding 140\%.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_07874
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle MA-Aided Hierarchical Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Wideband Beam Squint Mitigation
Zhang, Cixiao
Xu, Yin
Guo, Xinghao
Ou, Xiaowu
He, Dazhi
Zhang, Wenjun
Signal Processing
In wideband near-field arrays, frequency-dependent array responses cause wavefronts at different frequencies to deviate from that at the center frequency, producing beam squint and degrading multi-user performance. True-time-delay (TTD) circuits can realign the frequency dependence but require large delay ranges and intricate calibration, limiting scalability. Another line of work explores one- and two-dimensional array geometries, including linear, circular, and concentric circular, that exhibit distinct broadband behaviors such as different beam-squint sensitivities and focusing characteristics. These observations motivate adapting the array layout to enable wideband-friendly focusing and enhance multi-user performance without TTD networks. We propose a movable antenna (MA) aided architecture based on hierarchical sub-connected hybrid beamforming (HSC-HBF) in which antennas are grouped into tiles and only the tile centers are repositioned, providing slow geometric degrees of freedom that emulate TTD-like broadband focusing while keeping hardware and optimization complexity low. We show that the steering vector is inherently frequency dependent and that reconfiguring tile locations improves broadband focusing. Simulations across wideband near-field scenarios demonstrate robust squint suppression and consistent gains over fixed-layout arrays, achieving up to 5\% higher sum rate, with the maximum improvement exceeding 140\%.
title MA-Aided Hierarchical Hybrid Beamforming for Multi-User Wideband Beam Squint Mitigation
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07874