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Main Authors: Kim, Si-Hyun, Kwak, Heon-Gyu, Kwon, Byoung-Hee, Lee, Seong-Whan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07884
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author Kim, Si-Hyun
Kwak, Heon-Gyu
Kwon, Byoung-Hee
Lee, Seong-Whan
author_facet Kim, Si-Hyun
Kwak, Heon-Gyu
Kwon, Byoung-Hee
Lee, Seong-Whan
contents Brain-computer interface (BCI) aims to decode motor intent from noninvasive neural signals to enable control of external devices, but practical deployment remains limited by noise and variability in motor imagery (MI)-based electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This work investigates a hierarchical and meta-cognitive decoding framework for four-class MI classification. We introduce a multi-scale hierarchical signal processing module that reorganizes backbone features into temporal multi-scale representations, together with an introspective uncertainty estimation module that assigns per-cycle reliability scores and guides iterative refinement. We instantiate this framework on three standard EEG backbones (EEGNet, ShallowConvNet, and DeepConvNet) and evaluate four-class MI decoding using the BCI Competition IV-2a dataset under a subject-independent setting. Across all backbones, the proposed components improve average classification accuracy and reduce inter-subject variance compared to the corresponding baselines, indicating increased robustness to subject heterogeneity and noisy trials. These results suggest that combining hierarchical multi-scale processing with introspective confidence estimation can enhance the reliability of MI-based BCI systems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_07884
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Meta-cognitive Multi-scale Hierarchical Reasoning for Motor Imagery Decoding
Kim, Si-Hyun
Kwak, Heon-Gyu
Kwon, Byoung-Hee
Lee, Seong-Whan
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Brain-computer interface (BCI) aims to decode motor intent from noninvasive neural signals to enable control of external devices, but practical deployment remains limited by noise and variability in motor imagery (MI)-based electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. This work investigates a hierarchical and meta-cognitive decoding framework for four-class MI classification. We introduce a multi-scale hierarchical signal processing module that reorganizes backbone features into temporal multi-scale representations, together with an introspective uncertainty estimation module that assigns per-cycle reliability scores and guides iterative refinement. We instantiate this framework on three standard EEG backbones (EEGNet, ShallowConvNet, and DeepConvNet) and evaluate four-class MI decoding using the BCI Competition IV-2a dataset under a subject-independent setting. Across all backbones, the proposed components improve average classification accuracy and reduce inter-subject variance compared to the corresponding baselines, indicating increased robustness to subject heterogeneity and noisy trials. These results suggest that combining hierarchical multi-scale processing with introspective confidence estimation can enhance the reliability of MI-based BCI systems.
title Meta-cognitive Multi-scale Hierarchical Reasoning for Motor Imagery Decoding
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.07884