ProSona: Prompt-Guided Personalization for Multi-Expert Medical Image Segmentation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Elgebaly, Aya, Delopoulos, Nikolaos, Hörner-Rieber, Juliane, Rippke, Carolin, Klüter, Sebastian, Boldrini, Luca, Placidi, Lorenzo, Bello, Riccardo Dal, Andratschke, Nicolaus, Baumgartl, Michael, Belka, Claus, Kurz, Christopher, Landry, Guillaume, Albarqouni, Shadi
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Elgebaly, Aya
Delopoulos, Nikolaos
Hörner-Rieber, Juliane
Rippke, Carolin
Klüter, Sebastian
Boldrini, Luca
Placidi, Lorenzo
Bello, Riccardo Dal
Andratschke, Nicolaus
Baumgartl, Michael
Belka, Claus
Kurz, Christopher
Landry, Guillaume
Albarqouni, Shadi
author_facet Elgebaly, Aya
Delopoulos, Nikolaos
Hörner-Rieber, Juliane
Rippke, Carolin
Klüter, Sebastian
Boldrini, Luca
Placidi, Lorenzo
Bello, Riccardo Dal
Andratschke, Nicolaus
Baumgartl, Michael
Belka, Claus
Kurz, Christopher
Landry, Guillaume
Albarqouni, Shadi
contents Automated medical image segmentation suffers from high inter-observer variability, particularly in tasks such as lung nodule delineation, where experts often disagree. Existing approaches either collapse this variability into a consensus mask or rely on separate model branches for each annotator. We introduce ProSona, a two-stage framework that learns a continuous latent space of annotation styles, enabling controllable personalization via natural language prompts. A probabilistic U-Net backbone captures diverse expert hypotheses, while a prompt-guided projection mechanism navigates this latent space to generate personalized segmentations. A multi-level contrastive objective aligns textual and visual representations, promoting disentangled and interpretable expert styles. Across the LIDC-IDRI lung nodule and multi-institutional prostate MRI datasets, ProSona reduces the Generalized Energy Distance by 17% and improves mean Dice by more than one point compared with DPersona. These results demonstrate that natural-language prompts can provide flexible, accurate, and interpretable control over personalized medical image segmentation. Our implementation is available online 1 .
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_08046
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ProSona: Prompt-Guided Personalization for Multi-Expert Medical Image Segmentation
Elgebaly, Aya
Delopoulos, Nikolaos
Hörner-Rieber, Juliane
Rippke, Carolin
Klüter, Sebastian
Boldrini, Luca
Placidi, Lorenzo
Bello, Riccardo Dal
Andratschke, Nicolaus
Baumgartl, Michael
Belka, Claus
Kurz, Christopher
Landry, Guillaume
Albarqouni, Shadi
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Automated medical image segmentation suffers from high inter-observer variability, particularly in tasks such as lung nodule delineation, where experts often disagree. Existing approaches either collapse this variability into a consensus mask or rely on separate model branches for each annotator. We introduce ProSona, a two-stage framework that learns a continuous latent space of annotation styles, enabling controllable personalization via natural language prompts. A probabilistic U-Net backbone captures diverse expert hypotheses, while a prompt-guided projection mechanism navigates this latent space to generate personalized segmentations. A multi-level contrastive objective aligns textual and visual representations, promoting disentangled and interpretable expert styles. Across the LIDC-IDRI lung nodule and multi-institutional prostate MRI datasets, ProSona reduces the Generalized Energy Distance by 17% and improves mean Dice by more than one point compared with DPersona. These results demonstrate that natural-language prompts can provide flexible, accurate, and interpretable control over personalized medical image segmentation. Our implementation is available online 1 .
title ProSona: Prompt-Guided Personalization for Multi-Expert Medical Image Segmentation
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08046