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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08495 |
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| _version_ | 1866908644789977088 |
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| author | Zhou, Hongjian Wang, Xining Zhu, Feng Zhang, Liming Bauer, Gerry Yi, Kai |
| author_facet | Zhou, Hongjian Wang, Xining Zhu, Feng Zhang, Liming Bauer, Gerry Yi, Kai |
| contents | Inspired by the $X(4140)$ structure reported in the $J/ψϕ$ system by the CDF experiment in 2009, a series of searches have been carried out in the $J/ψϕ$ and $J/ψK$ channels, leading to the claim of ten structures in the $B \rightarrow J/ψϕK$ system. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental developments, from the initial evidence of $X(4140)$ at CDF to the amplitude analyses and diffractive process investigations by the LHCb experiment, as well as theoretical interpretations of these states. A triplet of $J^{PC} = 1^{++}$ states with relatively large mass splittings [about 200~MeV (natural units are adopted)] has been identified in the $J/ψϕ$ system by LHCb. Their mass-squared values align approximately linearly with a possible radial quantum number, suggesting that the triplet may represent a radially excited family. For $X(4140)$, the first state in the triplet, its width reported by LHCb is inconsistent with that measured by other experiments, and possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. A potential connection between an excess at 4.35~GeV in the $J/ψϕ$ mass spectrum reported by the Belle experiment through a two-photon process and a potential spin-2 excess in the LHCb data is also investigated. In addition, potential parallels between the $J/ψϕ$ and $J/ψJ/ψ$ systems, both composed of two vector mesons, are discussed. The continued interest in, and complexity of, these systems underscore the necessity of further experimental exploration with increased statistical precision across a variety of experiments, particularly those with relatively flat efficiency across the Dalitz plot. The $J/ψω$, $ϕϕ$, $ρω$, and $ρϕ$ systems are mentioned, and the prospects for the $J/ψΥ$ and $ΥΥ$ systems, are also highlighted. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_08495 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Experimental road of the $J/ψϕ$ mass spectrum, current status, and implications Zhou, Hongjian Wang, Xining Zhu, Feng Zhang, Liming Bauer, Gerry Yi, Kai High Energy Physics - Experiment Inspired by the $X(4140)$ structure reported in the $J/ψϕ$ system by the CDF experiment in 2009, a series of searches have been carried out in the $J/ψϕ$ and $J/ψK$ channels, leading to the claim of ten structures in the $B \rightarrow J/ψϕK$ system. This article provides a comprehensive review of experimental developments, from the initial evidence of $X(4140)$ at CDF to the amplitude analyses and diffractive process investigations by the LHCb experiment, as well as theoretical interpretations of these states. A triplet of $J^{PC} = 1^{++}$ states with relatively large mass splittings [about 200~MeV (natural units are adopted)] has been identified in the $J/ψϕ$ system by LHCb. Their mass-squared values align approximately linearly with a possible radial quantum number, suggesting that the triplet may represent a radially excited family. For $X(4140)$, the first state in the triplet, its width reported by LHCb is inconsistent with that measured by other experiments, and possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. A potential connection between an excess at 4.35~GeV in the $J/ψϕ$ mass spectrum reported by the Belle experiment through a two-photon process and a potential spin-2 excess in the LHCb data is also investigated. In addition, potential parallels between the $J/ψϕ$ and $J/ψJ/ψ$ systems, both composed of two vector mesons, are discussed. The continued interest in, and complexity of, these systems underscore the necessity of further experimental exploration with increased statistical precision across a variety of experiments, particularly those with relatively flat efficiency across the Dalitz plot. The $J/ψω$, $ϕϕ$, $ρω$, and $ρϕ$ systems are mentioned, and the prospects for the $J/ψΥ$ and $ΥΥ$ systems, are also highlighted. |
| title | Experimental road of the $J/ψϕ$ mass spectrum, current status, and implications |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Experiment |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08495 |