CleverBirds: A Multiple-Choice Benchmark for Fine-grained Human Knowledge Tracing

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bossemeyer, Leonie, Heinrich, Samuel, Van Horn, Grant, Mac Aodha, Oisin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Bossemeyer, Leonie
Heinrich, Samuel
Van Horn, Grant
Mac Aodha, Oisin
author_facet Bossemeyer, Leonie
Heinrich, Samuel
Van Horn, Grant
Mac Aodha, Oisin
contents Mastering fine-grained visual recognition, essential in many expert domains, can require that specialists undergo years of dedicated training. Modeling the progression of such expertize in humans remains challenging, and accurately inferring a human learner's knowledge state is a key step toward understanding visual learning. We introduce CleverBirds, a large-scale knowledge tracing benchmark for fine-grained bird species recognition. Collected by the citizen-science platform eBird, it offers insight into how individuals acquire expertize in complex fine-grained classification. More than 40,000 participants have engaged in the quiz, answering over 17 million multiple-choice questions spanning over 10,000 bird species, with long-range learning patterns across an average of 400 questions per participant. We release this dataset to support the development and evaluation of new methods for visual knowledge tracing. We show that tracking learners' knowledge is challenging, especially across participant subgroups and question types, with different forms of contextual information offering varying degrees of predictive benefit. CleverBirds is among the largest benchmark of its kind, offering a substantially higher number of learnable concepts. With it, we hope to enable new avenues for studying the development of visual expertize over time and across individuals.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_08512
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CleverBirds: A Multiple-Choice Benchmark for Fine-grained Human Knowledge Tracing
Bossemeyer, Leonie
Heinrich, Samuel
Van Horn, Grant
Mac Aodha, Oisin
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Mastering fine-grained visual recognition, essential in many expert domains, can require that specialists undergo years of dedicated training. Modeling the progression of such expertize in humans remains challenging, and accurately inferring a human learner's knowledge state is a key step toward understanding visual learning. We introduce CleverBirds, a large-scale knowledge tracing benchmark for fine-grained bird species recognition. Collected by the citizen-science platform eBird, it offers insight into how individuals acquire expertize in complex fine-grained classification. More than 40,000 participants have engaged in the quiz, answering over 17 million multiple-choice questions spanning over 10,000 bird species, with long-range learning patterns across an average of 400 questions per participant. We release this dataset to support the development and evaluation of new methods for visual knowledge tracing. We show that tracking learners' knowledge is challenging, especially across participant subgroups and question types, with different forms of contextual information offering varying degrees of predictive benefit. CleverBirds is among the largest benchmark of its kind, offering a substantially higher number of learnable concepts. With it, we hope to enable new avenues for studying the development of visual expertize over time and across individuals.
title CleverBirds: A Multiple-Choice Benchmark for Fine-grained Human Knowledge Tracing
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08512