Fractal structure of multipartite entanglement in monitored quantum circuits

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sharma, Vaibhav, Mueller, Erich J
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Sharma, Vaibhav
Mueller, Erich J
author_facet Sharma, Vaibhav
Mueller, Erich J
contents We analyze the distribution of multipartite entanglement in states produced in a one-dimensional random monitored quantum circuit where local Clifford unitaries are interspersed with single-site measurements performed with a probability $p$. This circuit has a measurement-induced phase transition at $p=p_c$, separating a phase in which the entanglement entropy scales with the system size (a volume law state) and one in which it scales with the boundary (an area law state). We calculate the entanglement depth, corresponding to the size of the largest cluster of entangled qubits, finding that it scales as a power law with system size in both the phases. The power law exponent is 1 in the volume law phase ($p < p_c$) and continuously decreases to 0 as $p \to 1$ in the area law phase. We explain this behavior by studying the spatial distribution of entangled clusters. We find that the largest cluster of entangled qubits in these states has a fractal dimension between 0 and 1 and appears to be self-similar. Away from the critical point, this fractal dimension matches the entanglement depth power law exponent.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_08690
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Fractal structure of multipartite entanglement in monitored quantum circuits
Sharma, Vaibhav
Mueller, Erich J
Quantum Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Statistical Mechanics
We analyze the distribution of multipartite entanglement in states produced in a one-dimensional random monitored quantum circuit where local Clifford unitaries are interspersed with single-site measurements performed with a probability $p$. This circuit has a measurement-induced phase transition at $p=p_c$, separating a phase in which the entanglement entropy scales with the system size (a volume law state) and one in which it scales with the boundary (an area law state). We calculate the entanglement depth, corresponding to the size of the largest cluster of entangled qubits, finding that it scales as a power law with system size in both the phases. The power law exponent is 1 in the volume law phase ($p < p_c$) and continuously decreases to 0 as $p \to 1$ in the area law phase. We explain this behavior by studying the spatial distribution of entangled clusters. We find that the largest cluster of entangled qubits in these states has a fractal dimension between 0 and 1 and appears to be self-similar. Away from the critical point, this fractal dimension matches the entanglement depth power law exponent.
title Fractal structure of multipartite entanglement in monitored quantum circuits
topic Quantum Physics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08690