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Main Authors: Borthakur, Abhimanyu, Hirschman, Jack Eden, Carbajo, Sergio
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08764
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author Borthakur, Abhimanyu
Hirschman, Jack Eden
Carbajo, Sergio
author_facet Borthakur, Abhimanyu
Hirschman, Jack Eden
Carbajo, Sergio
contents Ultrashort laser pulses enable attosecond-scale measurements and drive breakthroughs across science and technology, but their routine use hinges on reliable pulse characterization. Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a leading solution, forming a spectrogram by scanning the delay between two pulse replicas and recording the nonlinear signal spectrum. In online settings, however, dense delay-frequency scans are costly or impractical-especially for long pulses, wavelength regimes with limited spectrometer coverage (e.g., UV), or hardware with coarse resolution, yielding severely undersampled FROG traces. Existing reconstruction methods struggle in this regime-iterative algorithms are computationally heavy, convolutional networks blur fine structure, and sequence models are unstable when inputs are discontinuous or sparse. We present a generative diffusion framework tailored to recover ultrafast pulse intensity and phase from incomplete FROG measurements. Our model infers missing spectro-temporal content with high fidelity, enabling accurate retrieval from aggressively downsampled inputs. On a simulated benchmark of FROG-pulse pairs, the diffusion approach surpasses strong CNN and Seq2Seq baselines in accuracy and stability while remaining efficient enough for near real-time deployment.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Ultrafast Pulse Retrieval from Partial FROG Traces Using Implicit Diffusion Models
Borthakur, Abhimanyu
Hirschman, Jack Eden
Carbajo, Sergio
Optics
Ultrashort laser pulses enable attosecond-scale measurements and drive breakthroughs across science and technology, but their routine use hinges on reliable pulse characterization. Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) is a leading solution, forming a spectrogram by scanning the delay between two pulse replicas and recording the nonlinear signal spectrum. In online settings, however, dense delay-frequency scans are costly or impractical-especially for long pulses, wavelength regimes with limited spectrometer coverage (e.g., UV), or hardware with coarse resolution, yielding severely undersampled FROG traces. Existing reconstruction methods struggle in this regime-iterative algorithms are computationally heavy, convolutional networks blur fine structure, and sequence models are unstable when inputs are discontinuous or sparse. We present a generative diffusion framework tailored to recover ultrafast pulse intensity and phase from incomplete FROG measurements. Our model infers missing spectro-temporal content with high fidelity, enabling accurate retrieval from aggressively downsampled inputs. On a simulated benchmark of FROG-pulse pairs, the diffusion approach surpasses strong CNN and Seq2Seq baselines in accuracy and stability while remaining efficient enough for near real-time deployment.
title Ultrafast Pulse Retrieval from Partial FROG Traces Using Implicit Diffusion Models
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08764