Phonon Thermal Hall Effect: The Roles of Disorder, Annealing, and Metallic Contacts

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Xiang, Qiaochao, Li, Xiaokang, Guo, Xiaodong, Behnia, Kamran, Zhu, Zengwei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Xiang, Qiaochao
Li, Xiaokang
Guo, Xiaodong
Behnia, Kamran
Zhu, Zengwei
author_facet Xiang, Qiaochao
Li, Xiaokang
Guo, Xiaodong
Behnia, Kamran
Zhu, Zengwei
contents The phonon thermal Hall effect (THE) is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in insulators. Its microscopic origin remains debated, partly due to significant sample-dependent variations that hint at uncontrolled experimental parameters. Using SrTiO$_3$ as a model system, we identify disorder and uncontrolled strain as suppressors of a thermal Hall signal. Crystals with high thermal conductivity exhibit a substantial thermal Hall angle $\nabla T_y / \nabla T_x$ (up to 0.3\% at 9 T), whereas the effect is virtually absent in disordered samples. Crucially, annealing (in air atmosphere) these disordered samples partially restores the THE (approximately 0.1\% at 9 T) with little effect on the longitudinal thermal conductivity. This decoupling reveals that the amplitude of THE is not simply set by the phonon mean free path. Furthermore, measurements performed with metallic and insulating contacts yield identical results on the same sample. This definitively rules out parasitic signals as the effect's origin. Our work, by establishing the phonon THE as an intrinsic property of the crystal lattice and extremely sensitive to disorder, sharply constrains theoretical scenarios.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_08932
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phonon Thermal Hall Effect: The Roles of Disorder, Annealing, and Metallic Contacts
Xiang, Qiaochao
Li, Xiaokang
Guo, Xiaodong
Behnia, Kamran
Zhu, Zengwei
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Materials Science
The phonon thermal Hall effect (THE) is a ubiquitous yet poorly understood phenomenon in insulators. Its microscopic origin remains debated, partly due to significant sample-dependent variations that hint at uncontrolled experimental parameters. Using SrTiO$_3$ as a model system, we identify disorder and uncontrolled strain as suppressors of a thermal Hall signal. Crystals with high thermal conductivity exhibit a substantial thermal Hall angle $\nabla T_y / \nabla T_x$ (up to 0.3\% at 9 T), whereas the effect is virtually absent in disordered samples. Crucially, annealing (in air atmosphere) these disordered samples partially restores the THE (approximately 0.1\% at 9 T) with little effect on the longitudinal thermal conductivity. This decoupling reveals that the amplitude of THE is not simply set by the phonon mean free path. Furthermore, measurements performed with metallic and insulating contacts yield identical results on the same sample. This definitively rules out parasitic signals as the effect's origin. Our work, by establishing the phonon THE as an intrinsic property of the crystal lattice and extremely sensitive to disorder, sharply constrains theoretical scenarios.
title Phonon Thermal Hall Effect: The Roles of Disorder, Annealing, and Metallic Contacts
topic Strongly Correlated Electrons
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.08932