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Main Author: Lamby, Thomas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09159
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author Lamby, Thomas
author_facet Lamby, Thomas
contents Rademacher's Theorem can be interpreted as an almost-everywhere \emph{little-$o$ improvement principle}: if a function admits a uniform pointwise first-order Lipschitz control at every point, then this control improves to a vanishing one at almost every point. In the language of Calderón--Zygmund pointwise spaces, this means that \[ f \in T^\infty_1(x) \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}^d \qquad \Longrightarrow \qquad f \in t^\infty_1(x) \quad \text{for a.e. } x \in \mathbb{R}^d. \] The purpose of this paper is to establish an analogous almost-everywhere improvement principle in a refined $L^p$ setting. We consider pointwise Calderón-Zygmund spaces $T^p_ϕ(x)$ defined via polynomial approximation in $L^p$ with a function parameter $ϕ$, allowing for fractional regularity indices and logarithmic corrections through Boyd functions. We prove that, under natural assumptions on $ϕ$, the uniform membership \[ f \in T^p_ϕ(x) \quad \forall x \in E \] on a measurable set $E \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ implies an almost-everywhere improvement to a vanishing approximation rate, namely \[ f \in t^p_{ϕ,n+1}(x) \quad \text{for a.e. } x \in E, \] where $n < \underline{b}(ϕ) \leq \overline{b}(ϕ) < n+1$. The proof combines measurability arguments, a generalized Whitney extension theorem, and fine properties of Sobolev spaces. We also show that this result is essentially sharp: in general, one cannot expect almost-everywhere membership in $t^p_{ϕ,n}(x)$ for fractional indices, and explicit counterexamples are provided.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_09159
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Rademacher's Theorem for Calderon-Zygmund-type Spaces
Lamby, Thomas
Functional Analysis
Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
46E35, 26A16 (Primary), 42B20, 35J60 (Secondary)
Rademacher's Theorem can be interpreted as an almost-everywhere \emph{little-$o$ improvement principle}: if a function admits a uniform pointwise first-order Lipschitz control at every point, then this control improves to a vanishing one at almost every point. In the language of Calderón--Zygmund pointwise spaces, this means that \[ f \in T^\infty_1(x) \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}^d \qquad \Longrightarrow \qquad f \in t^\infty_1(x) \quad \text{for a.e. } x \in \mathbb{R}^d. \] The purpose of this paper is to establish an analogous almost-everywhere improvement principle in a refined $L^p$ setting. We consider pointwise Calderón-Zygmund spaces $T^p_ϕ(x)$ defined via polynomial approximation in $L^p$ with a function parameter $ϕ$, allowing for fractional regularity indices and logarithmic corrections through Boyd functions. We prove that, under natural assumptions on $ϕ$, the uniform membership \[ f \in T^p_ϕ(x) \quad \forall x \in E \] on a measurable set $E \subset \mathbb{R}^d$ implies an almost-everywhere improvement to a vanishing approximation rate, namely \[ f \in t^p_{ϕ,n+1}(x) \quad \text{for a.e. } x \in E, \] where $n < \underline{b}(ϕ) \leq \overline{b}(ϕ) < n+1$. The proof combines measurability arguments, a generalized Whitney extension theorem, and fine properties of Sobolev spaces. We also show that this result is essentially sharp: in general, one cannot expect almost-everywhere membership in $t^p_{ϕ,n}(x)$ for fractional indices, and explicit counterexamples are provided.
title Rademacher's Theorem for Calderon-Zygmund-type Spaces
topic Functional Analysis
Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
46E35, 26A16 (Primary), 42B20, 35J60 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09159