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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09678 |
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| _version_ | 1866912711973011456 |
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| author | Crabb, Cameron. Kloenne, Zachary. T. Rogers, Samuel. R. Kwok, Chi-Hang. D. Hardy, Mark. C. Conroy, Michelle. S. Dye, David. |
| author_facet | Crabb, Cameron. Kloenne, Zachary. T. Rogers, Samuel. R. Kwok, Chi-Hang. D. Hardy, Mark. C. Conroy, Michelle. S. Dye, David. |
| contents | Understanding how protective oxide scales evolve over time is necessary for improving the long term resistance of superalloys. This work investigates the time-dependent oxidation behavior of an ingot-processable Co/Ni-based superalloy oxidized in air at $800~^\circ\mathrm{C}$ for $20$, $100$, and $1000~\mathrm{h}$ . Mass-gain and white-light interferometry measurements quantified oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, and spallation, while high-resolution STEM-EDX characterized oxide morphology and nanoscale elemental partitioning. Atom probe tomography captured the key transition regions between the chromia and alumina scales, and X-ray diffraction was used to identify a gradual transition from NiO and (Ni,Co)-spinel phases to a compact, dual phase chromia and alumina-rich scale. The oxidation rate evolved from near-linear to parabolic behavior with time, consistent with diffusion-controlled growth once a continuous Cr$_2$O$_3$/$α$-Al$_2$O$_3$ scale formed. These observations help link kinetics, structure and chemistry, showing how an originally porous spinel layer transforms into a dense, adherent chromia + alumina scale that provides long-term protection in wrought Co/Ni-based superalloys. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_09678 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy Crabb, Cameron. Kloenne, Zachary. T. Rogers, Samuel. R. Kwok, Chi-Hang. D. Hardy, Mark. C. Conroy, Michelle. S. Dye, David. Materials Science Understanding how protective oxide scales evolve over time is necessary for improving the long term resistance of superalloys. This work investigates the time-dependent oxidation behavior of an ingot-processable Co/Ni-based superalloy oxidized in air at $800~^\circ\mathrm{C}$ for $20$, $100$, and $1000~\mathrm{h}$ . Mass-gain and white-light interferometry measurements quantified oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, and spallation, while high-resolution STEM-EDX characterized oxide morphology and nanoscale elemental partitioning. Atom probe tomography captured the key transition regions between the chromia and alumina scales, and X-ray diffraction was used to identify a gradual transition from NiO and (Ni,Co)-spinel phases to a compact, dual phase chromia and alumina-rich scale. The oxidation rate evolved from near-linear to parabolic behavior with time, consistent with diffusion-controlled growth once a continuous Cr$_2$O$_3$/$α$-Al$_2$O$_3$ scale formed. These observations help link kinetics, structure and chemistry, showing how an originally porous spinel layer transforms into a dense, adherent chromia + alumina scale that provides long-term protection in wrought Co/Ni-based superalloys. |
| title | Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy |
| topic | Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09678 |