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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Crabb, Cameron., Kloenne, Zachary. T., Rogers, Samuel. R., Kwok, Chi-Hang. D., Hardy, Mark. C., Conroy, Michelle. S., Dye, David.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09678
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author Crabb, Cameron.
Kloenne, Zachary. T.
Rogers, Samuel. R.
Kwok, Chi-Hang. D.
Hardy, Mark. C.
Conroy, Michelle. S.
Dye, David.
author_facet Crabb, Cameron.
Kloenne, Zachary. T.
Rogers, Samuel. R.
Kwok, Chi-Hang. D.
Hardy, Mark. C.
Conroy, Michelle. S.
Dye, David.
contents Understanding how protective oxide scales evolve over time is necessary for improving the long term resistance of superalloys. This work investigates the time-dependent oxidation behavior of an ingot-processable Co/Ni-based superalloy oxidized in air at $800~^\circ\mathrm{C}$ for $20$, $100$, and $1000~\mathrm{h}$ . Mass-gain and white-light interferometry measurements quantified oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, and spallation, while high-resolution STEM-EDX characterized oxide morphology and nanoscale elemental partitioning. Atom probe tomography captured the key transition regions between the chromia and alumina scales, and X-ray diffraction was used to identify a gradual transition from NiO and (Ni,Co)-spinel phases to a compact, dual phase chromia and alumina-rich scale. The oxidation rate evolved from near-linear to parabolic behavior with time, consistent with diffusion-controlled growth once a continuous Cr$_2$O$_3$/$α$-Al$_2$O$_3$ scale formed. These observations help link kinetics, structure and chemistry, showing how an originally porous spinel layer transforms into a dense, adherent chromia + alumina scale that provides long-term protection in wrought Co/Ni-based superalloys.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_09678
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy
Crabb, Cameron.
Kloenne, Zachary. T.
Rogers, Samuel. R.
Kwok, Chi-Hang. D.
Hardy, Mark. C.
Conroy, Michelle. S.
Dye, David.
Materials Science
Understanding how protective oxide scales evolve over time is necessary for improving the long term resistance of superalloys. This work investigates the time-dependent oxidation behavior of an ingot-processable Co/Ni-based superalloy oxidized in air at $800~^\circ\mathrm{C}$ for $20$, $100$, and $1000~\mathrm{h}$ . Mass-gain and white-light interferometry measurements quantified oxidation kinetics, surface roughness, and spallation, while high-resolution STEM-EDX characterized oxide morphology and nanoscale elemental partitioning. Atom probe tomography captured the key transition regions between the chromia and alumina scales, and X-ray diffraction was used to identify a gradual transition from NiO and (Ni,Co)-spinel phases to a compact, dual phase chromia and alumina-rich scale. The oxidation rate evolved from near-linear to parabolic behavior with time, consistent with diffusion-controlled growth once a continuous Cr$_2$O$_3$/$α$-Al$_2$O$_3$ scale formed. These observations help link kinetics, structure and chemistry, showing how an originally porous spinel layer transforms into a dense, adherent chromia + alumina scale that provides long-term protection in wrought Co/Ni-based superalloys.
title Time-Dependent Oxidation and Scale Evolution of a Wrought Co/Ni-based Superalloy
topic Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.09678