Masses of Purely Top-Quark Bound States: Toponium and the Triply-Top Baryon
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2025
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| author | Najjar, Z. Rajabi Azizi, K. |
| author_facet | Najjar, Z. Rajabi Azizi, K. |
| contents | We investigate the pseudoscalar ($η_t$) and vector ($ψ_t$) toponium states, as well as the triply-top baryon ($Ω_{ttt}$), using the QCD sum-rule method. This study was motivated by the recent observation of a pseudoscalar enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ threshold, reported by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations with a statistical significance exceeding $5σ$. In the calculations, we consider both the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions, with the nonperturbative operators taken into account up to dimension eight. The results obtained for the pseudoscalar toponium provide a theoretical estimate that is consistent with the near-threshold events observed in recent experimental studies. The calculated negative binding energy for both the pseudoscalar and vector toponium states reflects the strong correlation within the $t\bar{t}$ system and can be interpreted as $t\bar{t}$ bound states, while the calculated central mass for the $Ω_{ttt}$ slightly exceeds the central value of the sum of the constituent top-quark masses. The results of this study can provide a precise theoretical guide for future experimental investigations of these states, which are composed entirely of top quarks, at high-energy colliders such as the LHC and future facilities like the FCC. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10053 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Masses of Purely Top-Quark Bound States: Toponium and the Triply-Top Baryon Najjar, Z. Rajabi Azizi, K. High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Lattice We investigate the pseudoscalar ($η_t$) and vector ($ψ_t$) toponium states, as well as the triply-top baryon ($Ω_{ttt}$), using the QCD sum-rule method. This study was motivated by the recent observation of a pseudoscalar enhancement near the $t\bar{t}$ threshold, reported by the CMS and ATLAS collaborations with a statistical significance exceeding $5σ$. In the calculations, we consider both the perturbative and nonperturbative contributions, with the nonperturbative operators taken into account up to dimension eight. The results obtained for the pseudoscalar toponium provide a theoretical estimate that is consistent with the near-threshold events observed in recent experimental studies. The calculated negative binding energy for both the pseudoscalar and vector toponium states reflects the strong correlation within the $t\bar{t}$ system and can be interpreted as $t\bar{t}$ bound states, while the calculated central mass for the $Ω_{ttt}$ slightly exceeds the central value of the sum of the constituent top-quark masses. The results of this study can provide a precise theoretical guide for future experimental investigations of these states, which are composed entirely of top quarks, at high-energy colliders such as the LHC and future facilities like the FCC. |
| title | Masses of Purely Top-Quark Bound States: Toponium and the Triply-Top Baryon |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Lattice |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10053 |