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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10127 |
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| _version_ | 1866908650426073088 |
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| author | Kluge, Thomas Hirsch-Passicos, Arthur Schulz, Jannis Frost, Mungo Galtier, Eric Gauthier, Maxence Grenzer, Jörg Gutt, Christian Huang, Lingen Hübner, Uwe Ikeya, Megan Lee, Hae Ja Khaghani, Dimitri Martin, Willow Moon Marré, Brian Edward Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki Ordyna, Paweł Paschke-Brühl, Franziska-Luise Pelka, Alexander Randolph, Lisa Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter Schoenwaelder, Christopher Šmíd, Michal Yang, Long Schramm, Ulrich Cowan, Thomas E. |
| author_facet | Kluge, Thomas Hirsch-Passicos, Arthur Schulz, Jannis Frost, Mungo Galtier, Eric Gauthier, Maxence Grenzer, Jörg Gutt, Christian Huang, Lingen Hübner, Uwe Ikeya, Megan Lee, Hae Ja Khaghani, Dimitri Martin, Willow Moon Marré, Brian Edward Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki Ordyna, Paweł Paschke-Brühl, Franziska-Luise Pelka, Alexander Randolph, Lisa Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter Schoenwaelder, Christopher Šmíd, Michal Yang, Long Schramm, Ulrich Cowan, Thomas E. |
| contents | Understanding how laser pulses compress solids into high-energy-density states requires diagnostics that simultaneously resolve macroscopic geometry and nanometer-scale structure. Here we present a combined X-ray imaging (XRM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approach that bridges this diagnostic gap. Using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station at LCLS, we irradiated 25-micrometer copper wires with 45-fs, 0.9-J, 800-nm pulses at 3.5e19 W/cm2 while probing with 8.2-keV XFEL pulses. XRM visualizes the evolution of ablation, compression, and inward-propagating fronts with about 200-nm resolution, while SAXS quantifies their nanometer-scale sharpness through the time-resolved evolution of scattering streaks. The joint analysis reveals that an initially smooth compression steepens into a nanometer-sharp shock front after roughly 18 ps, consistent with an analytical steepening model and hydrodynamic simulations. The front reaches a velocity of about 25 km/s and a lateral width of several tens of micrometers, demonstrating for the first time the direct observation of shock formation and decay at solid density with few-nanometer precision. This integrated XRM-SAXS method establishes a quantitative, multiscale diagnostic of laser-driven shocks in dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter, and planetary physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10127 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Microscopy X-ray Imaging enriched with Small Angle X-ray Scattering for few nanometer resolution reveals shock waves and compression in intense short pulse laser irradiation of solids Kluge, Thomas Hirsch-Passicos, Arthur Schulz, Jannis Frost, Mungo Galtier, Eric Gauthier, Maxence Grenzer, Jörg Gutt, Christian Huang, Lingen Hübner, Uwe Ikeya, Megan Lee, Hae Ja Khaghani, Dimitri Martin, Willow Moon Marré, Brian Edward Nakatsutsumi, Motoaki Ordyna, Paweł Paschke-Brühl, Franziska-Luise Pelka, Alexander Randolph, Lisa Schlenvoigt, Hans-Peter Schoenwaelder, Christopher Šmíd, Michal Yang, Long Schramm, Ulrich Cowan, Thomas E. Plasma Physics Understanding how laser pulses compress solids into high-energy-density states requires diagnostics that simultaneously resolve macroscopic geometry and nanometer-scale structure. Here we present a combined X-ray imaging (XRM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) approach that bridges this diagnostic gap. Using the Matter in Extreme Conditions end station at LCLS, we irradiated 25-micrometer copper wires with 45-fs, 0.9-J, 800-nm pulses at 3.5e19 W/cm2 while probing with 8.2-keV XFEL pulses. XRM visualizes the evolution of ablation, compression, and inward-propagating fronts with about 200-nm resolution, while SAXS quantifies their nanometer-scale sharpness through the time-resolved evolution of scattering streaks. The joint analysis reveals that an initially smooth compression steepens into a nanometer-sharp shock front after roughly 18 ps, consistent with an analytical steepening model and hydrodynamic simulations. The front reaches a velocity of about 25 km/s and a lateral width of several tens of micrometers, demonstrating for the first time the direct observation of shock formation and decay at solid density with few-nanometer precision. This integrated XRM-SAXS method establishes a quantitative, multiscale diagnostic of laser-driven shocks in dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion, warm dense matter, and planetary physics. |
| title | Microscopy X-ray Imaging enriched with Small Angle X-ray Scattering for few nanometer resolution reveals shock waves and compression in intense short pulse laser irradiation of solids |
| topic | Plasma Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10127 |