Generalizable Slum Detection from Satellite Imagery with Mixture-of-Experts

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lee, Sumin, Park, Sungwon, Yang, Jeasurk, Kim, Jihee, Cha, Meeyoung
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Lee, Sumin
Park, Sungwon
Yang, Jeasurk
Kim, Jihee
Cha, Meeyoung
author_facet Lee, Sumin
Park, Sungwon
Yang, Jeasurk
Kim, Jihee
Cha, Meeyoung
contents Satellite-based slum segmentation holds significant promise in generating global estimates of urban poverty. However, the morphological heterogeneity of informal settlements presents a major challenge, hindering the ability of models trained on specific regions to generalize effectively to unseen locations. To address this, we introduce a large-scale high-resolution dataset and propose GRAM (Generalized Region-Aware Mixture-of-Experts), a two-phase test-time adaptation framework that enables robust slum segmentation without requiring labeled data from target regions. We compile a million-scale satellite imagery dataset from 12 cities across four continents for source training. Using this dataset, the model employs a Mixture-of-Experts architecture to capture region-specific slum characteristics while learning universal features through a shared backbone. During adaptation, prediction consistency across experts filters out unreliable pseudo-labels, allowing the model to generalize effectively to previously unseen regions. GRAM outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in low-resource settings such as African cities, offering a scalable and label-efficient solution for global slum mapping and data-driven urban planning.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10300
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Generalizable Slum Detection from Satellite Imagery with Mixture-of-Experts
Lee, Sumin
Park, Sungwon
Yang, Jeasurk
Kim, Jihee
Cha, Meeyoung
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computers and Society
Satellite-based slum segmentation holds significant promise in generating global estimates of urban poverty. However, the morphological heterogeneity of informal settlements presents a major challenge, hindering the ability of models trained on specific regions to generalize effectively to unseen locations. To address this, we introduce a large-scale high-resolution dataset and propose GRAM (Generalized Region-Aware Mixture-of-Experts), a two-phase test-time adaptation framework that enables robust slum segmentation without requiring labeled data from target regions. We compile a million-scale satellite imagery dataset from 12 cities across four continents for source training. Using this dataset, the model employs a Mixture-of-Experts architecture to capture region-specific slum characteristics while learning universal features through a shared backbone. During adaptation, prediction consistency across experts filters out unreliable pseudo-labels, allowing the model to generalize effectively to previously unseen regions. GRAM outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in low-resource settings such as African cities, offering a scalable and label-efficient solution for global slum mapping and data-driven urban planning.
title Generalizable Slum Detection from Satellite Imagery with Mixture-of-Experts
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10300