Observable sets for Schrödinger equations on combinatorial graphs

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wan, Zhiqiang, Zhang, Heng
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866910203811725312
author Wan, Zhiqiang
Zhang, Heng
author_facet Wan, Zhiqiang
Zhang, Heng
contents We study observable sets for Schrödinger equations on combinatorial graphs. For one-dimensional lattice Schrödinger operators \(H=-Δ_{\mathrm{disc}}+V\) with \(V(n)\to c\in\mathbb R\) as \(|n|\to\infty\), we prove that a set \(E\subset\mathbb Z\) is observable at some time, equivalently at any time, if and only if it satisfies a local arithmetic condition. This reveals an arithmetic obstruction absent from the Euclidean theory, where thickness is the decisive condition. The same criterion also characterizes observability for the corresponding heat equation on \(\mathbb Z\). In higher-dimensional lattices, we prove observability from the complement of any finite set. We further obtain arithmetic criteria on discrete tori, showing that positive density alone does not ensure observability.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10358
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Observable sets for Schrödinger equations on combinatorial graphs
Wan, Zhiqiang
Zhang, Heng
Analysis of PDEs
Combinatorics
We study observable sets for Schrödinger equations on combinatorial graphs. For one-dimensional lattice Schrödinger operators \(H=-Δ_{\mathrm{disc}}+V\) with \(V(n)\to c\in\mathbb R\) as \(|n|\to\infty\), we prove that a set \(E\subset\mathbb Z\) is observable at some time, equivalently at any time, if and only if it satisfies a local arithmetic condition. This reveals an arithmetic obstruction absent from the Euclidean theory, where thickness is the decisive condition. The same criterion also characterizes observability for the corresponding heat equation on \(\mathbb Z\). In higher-dimensional lattices, we prove observability from the complement of any finite set. We further obtain arithmetic criteria on discrete tori, showing that positive density alone does not ensure observability.
title Observable sets for Schrödinger equations on combinatorial graphs
topic Analysis of PDEs
Combinatorics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10358