Improving Perturbation-based Explanations by Understanding the Role of Uncertainty Calibration

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Decker, Thomas, Tresp, Volker, Buettner, Florian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Decker, Thomas
Tresp, Volker
Buettner, Florian
author_facet Decker, Thomas
Tresp, Volker
Buettner, Florian
contents Perturbation-based explanations are widely utilized to enhance the transparency of machine-learning models in practice. However, their reliability is often compromised by the unknown model behavior under the specific perturbations used. This paper investigates the relationship between uncertainty calibration - the alignment of model confidence with actual accuracy - and perturbation-based explanations. We show that models systematically produce unreliable probability estimates when subjected to explainability-specific perturbations and theoretically prove that this directly undermines global and local explanation quality. To address this, we introduce ReCalX, a novel approach to recalibrate models for improved explanations while preserving their original predictions. Empirical evaluations across diverse models and datasets demonstrate that ReCalX consistently reduces perturbation-specific miscalibration most effectively while enhancing explanation robustness and the identification of globally important input features.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10439
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Improving Perturbation-based Explanations by Understanding the Role of Uncertainty Calibration
Decker, Thomas
Tresp, Volker
Buettner, Florian
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Perturbation-based explanations are widely utilized to enhance the transparency of machine-learning models in practice. However, their reliability is often compromised by the unknown model behavior under the specific perturbations used. This paper investigates the relationship between uncertainty calibration - the alignment of model confidence with actual accuracy - and perturbation-based explanations. We show that models systematically produce unreliable probability estimates when subjected to explainability-specific perturbations and theoretically prove that this directly undermines global and local explanation quality. To address this, we introduce ReCalX, a novel approach to recalibrate models for improved explanations while preserving their original predictions. Empirical evaluations across diverse models and datasets demonstrate that ReCalX consistently reduces perturbation-specific miscalibration most effectively while enhancing explanation robustness and the identification of globally important input features.
title Improving Perturbation-based Explanations by Understanding the Role of Uncertainty Calibration
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10439