Large language models in materials science and the need for open-source approaches

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Yang, Fengxu, Chen, Weitong, Evans, Jack D.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Yang, Fengxu
Chen, Weitong
Evans, Jack D.
author_facet Yang, Fengxu
Chen, Weitong
Evans, Jack D.
contents Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming materials science. This review examines recent LLM applications across the materials discovery pipeline, focusing on three key areas: mining scientific literature , predictive modelling, and multi-agent experimental systems. We highlight how LLMs extract valuable information such as synthesis conditions from text, learn structure-property relationships, and can coordinate agentic systems integrating computational tools and laboratory automation. While progress has been largely dependent on closed-source commercial models, our benchmark results demonstrate that open-source alternatives can match performance while offering greater transparency, reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and data privacy. As open-source models continue to improve, we advocate their broader adoption to build accessible, flexible, and community-driven AI platforms for scientific discovery.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_10673
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Large language models in materials science and the need for open-source approaches
Yang, Fengxu
Chen, Weitong
Evans, Jack D.
Computation and Language
Materials Science
Large language models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming materials science. This review examines recent LLM applications across the materials discovery pipeline, focusing on three key areas: mining scientific literature , predictive modelling, and multi-agent experimental systems. We highlight how LLMs extract valuable information such as synthesis conditions from text, learn structure-property relationships, and can coordinate agentic systems integrating computational tools and laboratory automation. While progress has been largely dependent on closed-source commercial models, our benchmark results demonstrate that open-source alternatives can match performance while offering greater transparency, reproducibility, cost-effectiveness, and data privacy. As open-source models continue to improve, we advocate their broader adoption to build accessible, flexible, and community-driven AI platforms for scientific discovery.
title Large language models in materials science and the need for open-source approaches
topic Computation and Language
Materials Science
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.10673