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Auteur principal: Rukavicka, Josef
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2025
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Accès en ligne:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11069
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author Rukavicka, Josef
author_facet Rukavicka, Josef
contents Let $R(n)$ denote the number of rich words of length $n$ over a given finite alphabet. In 2017 it was proved that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \sqrt[n]{R(n)}=1$; it means the number of rich words has a subexponential growth. However, up to now, no subexponential upper bound on $R(n)$ has been presented. The current paper fills this gap. Let $\frac{1}{2}<λ<1$ and $γ>1$ be real constants, let $q$ be the size of the alphabet, and let $ϕ$ be a positive function with $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}ϕ(n)=\infty$ and $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}=\infty$. Let $\ln^*(x)$ denote the iterated logarithm of $x>0$. We prove that there are $n_0$ and $c>0$ such that if $n>n_0$, \[f(n)=\sqrt[γ]{c\ln^*{(\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}}\ln{q})}\quad\mbox{ and }\quad B(n)=q^{\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}+\frac{n}{(2λ)^{f(n)-1}}}\mbox{}\] then $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sqrt[n]{B(n)}=1$ and $R(n)\leq B(n)$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_11069
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Subexponential upper bound on the number of rich words
Rukavicka, Josef
Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
68R15
Let $R(n)$ denote the number of rich words of length $n$ over a given finite alphabet. In 2017 it was proved that $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty} \sqrt[n]{R(n)}=1$; it means the number of rich words has a subexponential growth. However, up to now, no subexponential upper bound on $R(n)$ has been presented. The current paper fills this gap. Let $\frac{1}{2}<λ<1$ and $γ>1$ be real constants, let $q$ be the size of the alphabet, and let $ϕ$ be a positive function with $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}ϕ(n)=\infty$ and $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}=\infty$. Let $\ln^*(x)$ denote the iterated logarithm of $x>0$. We prove that there are $n_0$ and $c>0$ such that if $n>n_0$, \[f(n)=\sqrt[γ]{c\ln^*{(\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}}\ln{q})}\quad\mbox{ and }\quad B(n)=q^{\frac{n}{ϕ(n)}+\frac{n}{(2λ)^{f(n)-1}}}\mbox{}\] then $\lim_{n\rightarrow\infty}\sqrt[n]{B(n)}=1$ and $R(n)\leq B(n)$.
title Subexponential upper bound on the number of rich words
topic Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
68R15
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11069