LOKI: a 0.266 pJ/SOP Digital SNN Accelerator with Multi-Cycle Clock-Gated SRAM in 22nm
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| _version_ | 1866908653190119424 |
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| author | Luiken, Rick Pes, Lorenzo Gomony, Manil Dev Stuijk, Sander |
| author_facet | Luiken, Rick Pes, Lorenzo Gomony, Manil Dev Stuijk, Sander |
| contents | Bio-inspired sensors like Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) and silicon cochleas are often combined with Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), enabling efficient, event-driven processing similar to biological sensory systems. To realize the low-power constraints of the edge, the SNN should run on a hardware architecture that can exploit the sparse nature of the spikes. In this paper, we introduce LOKI, a digital architecture for Fully-Connected (FC) SNNs. By using Multi-Cycle Clock-Gated (MCCG) SRAMs, LOKI can operate at 0.59 V, while running at a clock frequency of 667 MHz. At full throughput, LOKI only consumes 0.266 pJ/SOP. We evaluate LOKI on both the Neuromorphic MNIST (N-MNIST) and the Keyword Spotting k(KWS) tasks, achieving 98.0 % accuracy at 119.8 nJ/inference and 93.0 % accuracy at 546.5 nJ/inference respectively. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_11205 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | LOKI: a 0.266 pJ/SOP Digital SNN Accelerator with Multi-Cycle Clock-Gated SRAM in 22nm Luiken, Rick Pes, Lorenzo Gomony, Manil Dev Stuijk, Sander Signal Processing Bio-inspired sensors like Dynamic Vision Sensors (DVS) and silicon cochleas are often combined with Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), enabling efficient, event-driven processing similar to biological sensory systems. To realize the low-power constraints of the edge, the SNN should run on a hardware architecture that can exploit the sparse nature of the spikes. In this paper, we introduce LOKI, a digital architecture for Fully-Connected (FC) SNNs. By using Multi-Cycle Clock-Gated (MCCG) SRAMs, LOKI can operate at 0.59 V, while running at a clock frequency of 667 MHz. At full throughput, LOKI only consumes 0.266 pJ/SOP. We evaluate LOKI on both the Neuromorphic MNIST (N-MNIST) and the Keyword Spotting k(KWS) tasks, achieving 98.0 % accuracy at 119.8 nJ/inference and 93.0 % accuracy at 546.5 nJ/inference respectively. |
| title | LOKI: a 0.266 pJ/SOP Digital SNN Accelerator with Multi-Cycle Clock-Gated SRAM in 22nm |
| topic | Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11205 |