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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2025
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11268 |
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| _version_ | 1866911265941618688 |
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| author | Amorim, R. G. G. Santos, A. F. Araújo, K. V. S. Ulhoa, S. C. |
| author_facet | Amorim, R. G. G. Santos, A. F. Araújo, K. V. S. Ulhoa, S. C. |
| contents | This article deals with a nonrelativistic cosmological model based on Galilean covariance, formulated within a five-dimensional Galilean manifold. Within this framework, we construct an isotropic and homogeneous metric analogous to the Friedmann--Robertson--Walker metric but without a universal speed limit. Two distinct solutions of the Einstein-like field equations are obtained: (i) a vacuum configuration ($λ=0$) yielding an exponential--quadratic scale factor, and (ii) a dust-dominated universe ($λ=1$) described by a non-interacting nonrelativistic fluid. Upon dimensional reduction to $3+1$ spacetime through a specific embedding, the model naturally develops anisotropy in the scale factor and density, consistent with the near-zero spatial curvature inferred from Planck data. In the case of vanishing spatial curvature, the framework reproduces Milne's Newtonian cosmology because this condition leads to a vanishing pressure. This provides an independent nonrelativistic setting for cosmological dynamics within Galilean covariance. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_11268 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | On Nonrelativistic Isotropic and Homogeneous Universe Amorim, R. G. G. Santos, A. F. Araújo, K. V. S. Ulhoa, S. C. General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology This article deals with a nonrelativistic cosmological model based on Galilean covariance, formulated within a five-dimensional Galilean manifold. Within this framework, we construct an isotropic and homogeneous metric analogous to the Friedmann--Robertson--Walker metric but without a universal speed limit. Two distinct solutions of the Einstein-like field equations are obtained: (i) a vacuum configuration ($λ=0$) yielding an exponential--quadratic scale factor, and (ii) a dust-dominated universe ($λ=1$) described by a non-interacting nonrelativistic fluid. Upon dimensional reduction to $3+1$ spacetime through a specific embedding, the model naturally develops anisotropy in the scale factor and density, consistent with the near-zero spatial curvature inferred from Planck data. In the case of vanishing spatial curvature, the framework reproduces Milne's Newtonian cosmology because this condition leads to a vanishing pressure. This provides an independent nonrelativistic setting for cosmological dynamics within Galilean covariance. |
| title | On Nonrelativistic Isotropic and Homogeneous Universe |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11268 |