Vector magnetometry using cavity-enhanced microwave readout in nitrogen-vacancy diamond

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Wilcox, Reginald, Phillips, David, Steinecker, Matthew, Eisenach, Erik, Hawkins, Corey, Pham, Linh, Schloss, Jennifer, Englund, Dirk, Braje, Danielle
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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_version_ 1866908653826605056
author Wilcox, Reginald
Phillips, David
Steinecker, Matthew
Eisenach, Erik
Hawkins, Corey
Pham, Linh
Schloss, Jennifer
Englund, Dirk
Braje, Danielle
author_facet Wilcox, Reginald
Phillips, David
Steinecker, Matthew
Eisenach, Erik
Hawkins, Corey
Pham, Linh
Schloss, Jennifer
Englund, Dirk
Braje, Danielle
contents We demonstrate $4π$-steradian vector magnetic field sensing using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond coupled to a microwave (MW) cavity. The MW cavity enhances the spin-photon coupling which enables efficient, high-contrast spin-state readout via MW interrogation and removes the need for bulky optical collection components. An applied AC bias magnetic field lifts the zero-field degeneracy of the four crystallographic NV orientations, allowing each orientation to be individually addressed and used for vector reconstruction of the magnetic field. The resulting magnetometer has a 40\% contrast (20x higher than typical for optical spin-ensemble readout) and achieves a single-axis sensitivity of 250 pT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ which is flat from DC to 1 kHz. Noise models of the composite spin-cavity system establish MW amplitude noise as the dominant noise source and predict a thermal noise limit of 2 pT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_11561
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Vector magnetometry using cavity-enhanced microwave readout in nitrogen-vacancy diamond
Wilcox, Reginald
Phillips, David
Steinecker, Matthew
Eisenach, Erik
Hawkins, Corey
Pham, Linh
Schloss, Jennifer
Englund, Dirk
Braje, Danielle
Quantum Physics
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Applied Physics
Atomic Physics
We demonstrate $4π$-steradian vector magnetic field sensing using an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in a single-crystal diamond coupled to a microwave (MW) cavity. The MW cavity enhances the spin-photon coupling which enables efficient, high-contrast spin-state readout via MW interrogation and removes the need for bulky optical collection components. An applied AC bias magnetic field lifts the zero-field degeneracy of the four crystallographic NV orientations, allowing each orientation to be individually addressed and used for vector reconstruction of the magnetic field. The resulting magnetometer has a 40\% contrast (20x higher than typical for optical spin-ensemble readout) and achieves a single-axis sensitivity of 250 pT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ which is flat from DC to 1 kHz. Noise models of the composite spin-cavity system establish MW amplitude noise as the dominant noise source and predict a thermal noise limit of 2 pT/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.
title Vector magnetometry using cavity-enhanced microwave readout in nitrogen-vacancy diamond
topic Quantum Physics
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Applied Physics
Atomic Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11561