A Multimodal Manufacturing Safety Chatbot: Knowledge Base Design, Benchmark Development, and Evaluation of Multiple RAG Approaches

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Singh, Ryan, Hamilton, Austin, White, Amanda, Wise, Michael, Yousif, Ibrahim, Carvalho, Arthur, Shan, Zhe, Baf, Reza Abrisham, Mayyas, Mohammad, Cavuoto, Lora A., Megahed, Fadel M.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2025
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author Singh, Ryan
Hamilton, Austin
White, Amanda
Wise, Michael
Yousif, Ibrahim
Carvalho, Arthur
Shan, Zhe
Baf, Reza Abrisham
Mayyas, Mohammad
Cavuoto, Lora A.
Megahed, Fadel M.
author_facet Singh, Ryan
Hamilton, Austin
White, Amanda
Wise, Michael
Yousif, Ibrahim
Carvalho, Arthur
Shan, Zhe
Baf, Reza Abrisham
Mayyas, Mohammad
Cavuoto, Lora A.
Megahed, Fadel M.
contents Ensuring worker safety remains a critical challenge in modern manufacturing environments. Industry 5.0 reorients the prevailing manufacturing paradigm toward more human-centric operations. Using a design science research methodology, we identify three essential requirements for next-generation safety training systems: high accuracy, low latency, and low cost. We introduce a multimodal chatbot powered by large language models that meets these design requirements. The chatbot uses retrieval-augmented generation to ground its responses in curated regulatory and technical documentation. To evaluate our solution, we developed a domain-specific benchmark of expert-validated question and answer pairs for three representative machines: a Bridgeport manual mill, a Haas TL-1 CNC lathe, and a Universal Robots UR5e collaborative robot. We tested 24 RAG configurations using a full-factorial design and assessed them with automated evaluations of correctness, latency, and cost. Our top 2 configurations were then evaluated by ten industry experts and academic researchers. Our results show that retrieval strategy and model configuration have a significant impact on performance. The top configuration, selected for chatbot deployment, achieved an accuracy of 86.66%, an average cost of $0.005 per query, and an average end-to-end latency of 10.04 seconds. This latency is practical for delivering a complete safety instruction and is measured from query submission to full instruction delivery rather than generation onset. Overall, our work provides three contributions: an open-source, domain-grounded safety training chatbot; a validated benchmark for evaluating AI-assisted safety instruction; and a systematic methodology for designing and assessing AI-enabled instructional and immersive safety training systems for Industry 5.0 environments.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_11847
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A Multimodal Manufacturing Safety Chatbot: Knowledge Base Design, Benchmark Development, and Evaluation of Multiple RAG Approaches
Singh, Ryan
Hamilton, Austin
White, Amanda
Wise, Michael
Yousif, Ibrahim
Carvalho, Arthur
Shan, Zhe
Baf, Reza Abrisham
Mayyas, Mohammad
Cavuoto, Lora A.
Megahed, Fadel M.
Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
Ensuring worker safety remains a critical challenge in modern manufacturing environments. Industry 5.0 reorients the prevailing manufacturing paradigm toward more human-centric operations. Using a design science research methodology, we identify three essential requirements for next-generation safety training systems: high accuracy, low latency, and low cost. We introduce a multimodal chatbot powered by large language models that meets these design requirements. The chatbot uses retrieval-augmented generation to ground its responses in curated regulatory and technical documentation. To evaluate our solution, we developed a domain-specific benchmark of expert-validated question and answer pairs for three representative machines: a Bridgeport manual mill, a Haas TL-1 CNC lathe, and a Universal Robots UR5e collaborative robot. We tested 24 RAG configurations using a full-factorial design and assessed them with automated evaluations of correctness, latency, and cost. Our top 2 configurations were then evaluated by ten industry experts and academic researchers. Our results show that retrieval strategy and model configuration have a significant impact on performance. The top configuration, selected for chatbot deployment, achieved an accuracy of 86.66%, an average cost of $0.005 per query, and an average end-to-end latency of 10.04 seconds. This latency is practical for delivering a complete safety instruction and is measured from query submission to full instruction delivery rather than generation onset. Overall, our work provides three contributions: an open-source, domain-grounded safety training chatbot; a validated benchmark for evaluating AI-assisted safety instruction; and a systematic methodology for designing and assessing AI-enabled instructional and immersive safety training systems for Industry 5.0 environments.
title A Multimodal Manufacturing Safety Chatbot: Knowledge Base Design, Benchmark Development, and Evaluation of Multiple RAG Approaches
topic Information Retrieval
Artificial Intelligence
Computers and Society
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.11847