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Main Authors: Yao, Yihang, Zeng, Guangtao, Wu, Raina, Zhang, Yang, Zhao, Ding, Hong, Zhang-Wei, Gan, Chuang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12429
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author Yao, Yihang
Zeng, Guangtao
Wu, Raina
Zhang, Yang
Zhao, Ding
Hong, Zhang-Wei
Gan, Chuang
author_facet Yao, Yihang
Zeng, Guangtao
Wu, Raina
Zhang, Yang
Zhao, Ding
Hong, Zhang-Wei
Gan, Chuang
contents Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While RL has demonstrated substantial performance gains, it still faces key challenges, including low sampling efficiency and a strong dependence on model initialization: some models achieve rapid improvements with minimal RL steps, while others require significant training data to make progress. In this work, we investigate these challenges through the lens of reasoning token coverage and argue that initializing LLMs with diverse, high-quality reasoning primitives is essential for achieving stable and sample-efficient RL training. We propose Tailor, a finetuning pipeline that automatically discovers and curates novel reasoning primitives, thereby expanding the coverage of reasoning-state distributions before RL. Extensive experiments on mathematical and logical reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that Tailor generates more diverse and higher-quality warm-start data, resulting in higher downstream RL performance.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_12429
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Tailored Primitive Initialization is the Secret Key to Reinforcement Learning
Yao, Yihang
Zeng, Guangtao
Wu, Raina
Zhang, Yang
Zhao, Ding
Hong, Zhang-Wei
Gan, Chuang
Machine Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While RL has demonstrated substantial performance gains, it still faces key challenges, including low sampling efficiency and a strong dependence on model initialization: some models achieve rapid improvements with minimal RL steps, while others require significant training data to make progress. In this work, we investigate these challenges through the lens of reasoning token coverage and argue that initializing LLMs with diverse, high-quality reasoning primitives is essential for achieving stable and sample-efficient RL training. We propose Tailor, a finetuning pipeline that automatically discovers and curates novel reasoning primitives, thereby expanding the coverage of reasoning-state distributions before RL. Extensive experiments on mathematical and logical reasoning benchmarks demonstrate that Tailor generates more diverse and higher-quality warm-start data, resulting in higher downstream RL performance.
title Tailored Primitive Initialization is the Secret Key to Reinforcement Learning
topic Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12429