Inverse Design of Integrated Terahertz Vortex Beam Emitters with Staged-Annealing Topology Optimization
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2025
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| _version_ | 1866911269057986560 |
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| author | Chong, Faqian Zhang, Tiancheng Wu, Yulun Gao, Bingtao Wu, Yingjie Li, Shilong Chen, Hongsheng Han, Song |
| author_facet | Chong, Faqian Zhang, Tiancheng Wu, Yulun Gao, Bingtao Wu, Yingjie Li, Shilong Chen, Hongsheng Han, Song |
| contents | Integrated photonics is increasingly demanded in applications such as large-scale data centers, intelligent sensing, and next-generation wireless communications, where compact, multifunctional, and energy-efficient components are essential. Inverse-designed photonics, empowered by optimization and learning algorithms, have emerged as a powerful paradigm for realizing compact and multifunctional integrated photonic components. In this work, we develop a staged-annealing topological optimization (SATO) framework tailored for the design of integrated terahertz (THz) beam-shaping devices. Employing this inverse-designed framework, we experimentally demonstrate a class of compact THz vortex beam emitters on an all-silicon on-chip platform. These devices efficiently convert the in-plane fundamental transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode into free-space vortex beams with mode purity up to 87% and energy conversion efficiency up to 74% across the target wavelength range (680 μm to 720 μm). The inverse-designed emitters exhibit ultracompact footprints (lateral size < 4λ) and a free-standing configuration, enabling the generation of dual-directional vortex beams carrying opposite topological charges. The proposed SATO framework provides a generalizable and fabrication-compatible approach for THz photonic device engineering, offering a scalable pathway toward complex structured beam manipulation in next-generation wireless communication systems and on-chip integrated THz photonic systems. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_12918 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Inverse Design of Integrated Terahertz Vortex Beam Emitters with Staged-Annealing Topology Optimization Chong, Faqian Zhang, Tiancheng Wu, Yulun Gao, Bingtao Wu, Yingjie Li, Shilong Chen, Hongsheng Han, Song Optics Integrated photonics is increasingly demanded in applications such as large-scale data centers, intelligent sensing, and next-generation wireless communications, where compact, multifunctional, and energy-efficient components are essential. Inverse-designed photonics, empowered by optimization and learning algorithms, have emerged as a powerful paradigm for realizing compact and multifunctional integrated photonic components. In this work, we develop a staged-annealing topological optimization (SATO) framework tailored for the design of integrated terahertz (THz) beam-shaping devices. Employing this inverse-designed framework, we experimentally demonstrate a class of compact THz vortex beam emitters on an all-silicon on-chip platform. These devices efficiently convert the in-plane fundamental transverse electric (TE) waveguide mode into free-space vortex beams with mode purity up to 87% and energy conversion efficiency up to 74% across the target wavelength range (680 μm to 720 μm). The inverse-designed emitters exhibit ultracompact footprints (lateral size < 4λ) and a free-standing configuration, enabling the generation of dual-directional vortex beams carrying opposite topological charges. The proposed SATO framework provides a generalizable and fabrication-compatible approach for THz photonic device engineering, offering a scalable pathway toward complex structured beam manipulation in next-generation wireless communication systems and on-chip integrated THz photonic systems. |
| title | Inverse Design of Integrated Terahertz Vortex Beam Emitters with Staged-Annealing Topology Optimization |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.12918 |