ZX-DB: A Graph Database for Quantum Circuit Simplification and Rewriting via the ZX-Calculus

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Uotila, Valter, Yu, Cong, Zhao, Bo
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Uotila, Valter
Yu, Cong
Zhao, Bo
author_facet Uotila, Valter
Yu, Cong
Zhao, Bo
contents Quantum computing is an emerging computational paradigm with the potential to outperform classical computers in solving a variety of problems. To achieve this, quantum programs are typically represented as quantum circuits, which must be optimized and adapted for target hardware through quantum circuit compilation. We introduce ZX-DB, a data-driven system that performs quantum circuit simplification and rewriting inside a graph database using ZX-calculus, a complete graphical formalism for quantum mechanics. ZX-DB encodes ZX-calculus rewrite rules as standard openCypher queries and executes them on an example graph database engine, Memgraph, enabling efficient, database-native transformations of large-scale quantum circuits. ZX-DB integrates correctness validation via tensor and graph equivalence checks and is evaluated against the state-of-the-art PyZX framework. Experimental results show that ZX-DB achieves up to an order-of-magnitude speedup for independent rewrites, while exposing pattern-matching bottlenecks in current graph database engines. By uniting quantum compilation and graph data management, ZX-DB opens a new systems direction toward scalable, database-supported quantum computing pipelines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13033
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ZX-DB: A Graph Database for Quantum Circuit Simplification and Rewriting via the ZX-Calculus
Uotila, Valter
Yu, Cong
Zhao, Bo
Quantum Physics
Databases
Quantum computing is an emerging computational paradigm with the potential to outperform classical computers in solving a variety of problems. To achieve this, quantum programs are typically represented as quantum circuits, which must be optimized and adapted for target hardware through quantum circuit compilation. We introduce ZX-DB, a data-driven system that performs quantum circuit simplification and rewriting inside a graph database using ZX-calculus, a complete graphical formalism for quantum mechanics. ZX-DB encodes ZX-calculus rewrite rules as standard openCypher queries and executes them on an example graph database engine, Memgraph, enabling efficient, database-native transformations of large-scale quantum circuits. ZX-DB integrates correctness validation via tensor and graph equivalence checks and is evaluated against the state-of-the-art PyZX framework. Experimental results show that ZX-DB achieves up to an order-of-magnitude speedup for independent rewrites, while exposing pattern-matching bottlenecks in current graph database engines. By uniting quantum compilation and graph data management, ZX-DB opens a new systems direction toward scalable, database-supported quantum computing pipelines.
title ZX-DB: A Graph Database for Quantum Circuit Simplification and Rewriting via the ZX-Calculus
topic Quantum Physics
Databases
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13033