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Main Author: Gilson, Frank
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13066
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author Gilson, Frank
author_facet Gilson, Frank
contents We analyse the logical complexity and absoluteness of natural statements about Ulam sequences, with particular emphasis on the rigidity phenomena introduced by Hinman, Kuca, Schlesinger and Sheydvasser for the family $U(1,n)$. For each pair of coprime integers $a<b$ we view the associated Ulam sequence $U(a,b)$ as a recursive subset of $\mathbb{N}$ and consider expansions of the form $(\mathbb{N},+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b})$. Our first main result is a uniform coding of Ulam sequences and of the ``interval with periodic mask'' patterns appearing in rigidity conjectures into first-order arithmetic. Using this, we show that the strong rigidity, regularity (eventual periodicity of gaps), and density statements for $U(a,b)$ are all arithmetical and lie at low levels of the arithmetical hierarchy (e.g.\ $Σ^0_2$ or $Π^0_3$). As a consequence, these statements are absolute between transitive models of $\mathrm{ZFC}$ with the same natural numbers: their truth value cannot be changed by forcing, and is independent of the Continuum Hypothesis and large cardinal axioms. We also study the expansions $(\mathbb{N},+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b})$ model-theoretically, showing that combinatorial rigidity implies tameness properties (NIP, dp-minimality, non-interpretability of multiplcation).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13066
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Arithmetical Complexity and Absoluteness of Rigidity Phenomena for Ulam Sequences
Gilson, Frank
Logic
11B83
We analyse the logical complexity and absoluteness of natural statements about Ulam sequences, with particular emphasis on the rigidity phenomena introduced by Hinman, Kuca, Schlesinger and Sheydvasser for the family $U(1,n)$. For each pair of coprime integers $a<b$ we view the associated Ulam sequence $U(a,b)$ as a recursive subset of $\mathbb{N}$ and consider expansions of the form $(\mathbb{N},+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b})$. Our first main result is a uniform coding of Ulam sequences and of the ``interval with periodic mask'' patterns appearing in rigidity conjectures into first-order arithmetic. Using this, we show that the strong rigidity, regularity (eventual periodicity of gaps), and density statements for $U(a,b)$ are all arithmetical and lie at low levels of the arithmetical hierarchy (e.g.\ $Σ^0_2$ or $Π^0_3$). As a consequence, these statements are absolute between transitive models of $\mathrm{ZFC}$ with the same natural numbers: their truth value cannot be changed by forcing, and is independent of the Continuum Hypothesis and large cardinal axioms. We also study the expansions $(\mathbb{N},+,\mathrm{U}_{a,b})$ model-theoretically, showing that combinatorial rigidity implies tameness properties (NIP, dp-minimality, non-interpretability of multiplcation).
title Arithmetical Complexity and Absoluteness of Rigidity Phenomena for Ulam Sequences
topic Logic
11B83
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13066