Extreme polaritonic interactions in a room-temperature deterministic sub-nanocavity quantum electrodynamic platform

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hu, Huatian, Shu, Xin, Hu, Zhiwei, Zheng, Di, Dai, Wei, Lan, Xiang, Han, Xiaobo, Chen, Wen, Xu, Hongxing
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Hu, Huatian
Shu, Xin
Hu, Zhiwei
Zheng, Di
Dai, Wei
Lan, Xiang
Han, Xiaobo
Chen, Wen
Xu, Hongxing
author_facet Hu, Huatian
Shu, Xin
Hu, Zhiwei
Zheng, Di
Dai, Wei
Lan, Xiang
Han, Xiaobo
Chen, Wen
Xu, Hongxing
contents Pushing nanoscale optical confinement to its ultimate limits defines the regime of nano-cavity quantum electrodynamics (nano-cQED), where light--matter interactions approach the fundamental quantum limits of individual atoms, e.g., picocavities. However, realizing such extreme confinement in a stable and controllable manner remains a key challenge. Here, we introduce a van der Waals material-based nano-cQED platform by coupling monolayer MoS2 excitons to plasmonic sub-nanocavities formed via assembly of ultrasmall gold clusters (3-5 nm) in the nanogap of a nanoparticle-on-mirror nanocavity. These clusters emulate the field-confining role of atomic protrusions of the picocavities through a resonance-insensitive lightning-rod effect, achieving deep-subwavelength mode volumes. In this nano-cQED testbed, we observe pronounced multi-branch Rabi splittings and ultrastrong lower-branch polaritonic photoluminescence with up to 10^4-fold enhancement. This deterministic architecture provides a controllable pathway to access picocavity-like behavior and opens new opportunities for single-molecule spectroscopy and the exploration of nano-cQED.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13236
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Extreme polaritonic interactions in a room-temperature deterministic sub-nanocavity quantum electrodynamic platform
Hu, Huatian
Shu, Xin
Hu, Zhiwei
Zheng, Di
Dai, Wei
Lan, Xiang
Han, Xiaobo
Chen, Wen
Xu, Hongxing
Optics
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Pushing nanoscale optical confinement to its ultimate limits defines the regime of nano-cavity quantum electrodynamics (nano-cQED), where light--matter interactions approach the fundamental quantum limits of individual atoms, e.g., picocavities. However, realizing such extreme confinement in a stable and controllable manner remains a key challenge. Here, we introduce a van der Waals material-based nano-cQED platform by coupling monolayer MoS2 excitons to plasmonic sub-nanocavities formed via assembly of ultrasmall gold clusters (3-5 nm) in the nanogap of a nanoparticle-on-mirror nanocavity. These clusters emulate the field-confining role of atomic protrusions of the picocavities through a resonance-insensitive lightning-rod effect, achieving deep-subwavelength mode volumes. In this nano-cQED testbed, we observe pronounced multi-branch Rabi splittings and ultrastrong lower-branch polaritonic photoluminescence with up to 10^4-fold enhancement. This deterministic architecture provides a controllable pathway to access picocavity-like behavior and opens new opportunities for single-molecule spectroscopy and the exploration of nano-cQED.
title Extreme polaritonic interactions in a room-temperature deterministic sub-nanocavity quantum electrodynamic platform
topic Optics
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13236