ST-ProC: A Graph-Prototypical Framework for Robust Semi-Supervised Travel Mode Identification

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Niu, Luyao, Huang, Nuoxian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2025
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author Niu, Luyao
Huang, Nuoxian
author_facet Niu, Luyao
Huang, Nuoxian
contents Travel mode identification (TMI) from GPS trajectories is critical for urban intelligence, but is hampered by the high cost of annotation, leading to severe label scarcity. Prevailing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are ill-suited for this task, as they suffer from catastrophic confirmation bias and ignore the intrinsic data manifold. We propose ST-ProC, a novel graph-prototypical multi-objective SSL framework to address these limitations. Our framework synergizes a graph-prototypical core with foundational SSL Support. The core exploits the data manifold via graph regularization, prototypical anchoring, and a novel, margin-aware pseudo-labeling strategy to actively reject noise. This core is supported and stabilized by foundational contrastive and teacher-student consistency losses, ensuring high-quality representations and robust optimization. ST-ProC outperforms all baselines by a significant margin, demonstrating its efficacy in real-world sparse-label settings, with a performance boost of 21.5% over state-of-the-art methods like FixMatch.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2511_13702
institution arXiv
publishDate 2025
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle ST-ProC: A Graph-Prototypical Framework for Robust Semi-Supervised Travel Mode Identification
Niu, Luyao
Huang, Nuoxian
Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
Travel mode identification (TMI) from GPS trajectories is critical for urban intelligence, but is hampered by the high cost of annotation, leading to severe label scarcity. Prevailing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are ill-suited for this task, as they suffer from catastrophic confirmation bias and ignore the intrinsic data manifold. We propose ST-ProC, a novel graph-prototypical multi-objective SSL framework to address these limitations. Our framework synergizes a graph-prototypical core with foundational SSL Support. The core exploits the data manifold via graph regularization, prototypical anchoring, and a novel, margin-aware pseudo-labeling strategy to actively reject noise. This core is supported and stabilized by foundational contrastive and teacher-student consistency losses, ensuring high-quality representations and robust optimization. ST-ProC outperforms all baselines by a significant margin, demonstrating its efficacy in real-world sparse-label settings, with a performance boost of 21.5% over state-of-the-art methods like FixMatch.
title ST-ProC: A Graph-Prototypical Framework for Robust Semi-Supervised Travel Mode Identification
topic Machine Learning
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.13702